# 1 Clement 51.5

- Author: [Clement of Rome](https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/authors/clement-of-rome/)
- Work: [1 Clement](https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/1-clement/) (*Epistula I ad Corinthios*)
- Date: ca. 95–97 (range ca. 70–100) (disputed)
- Source: Lake, LCL 24:96–98; Kirsopp Lake, ed. and trans., The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1, LCL 24 (London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1912), 8–121 (Greek text: K. Lake, The Apostolic Fathers (LCL, 1912-1913), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Translation: Claude (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26
- Canonical URL: https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/1-clement/51/5/

Summary: Pharaoh perished because he hardened his heart.

## Greek text

Φαραὼ καὶ ἡ στρατιὰ αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντες οἱ ἡγούμενοι Αἰγύπτου, τά τε ἅρματα καὶ οἱ ἀνάβαται αὐτῶν οὐ διʼ ἄλλην τινὰ αἰτίαν ἐβυθίσθησαν εἰς θάλασσαν ἐρυθρὰν καὶ ἀπώλοντο, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ σκληρυνθῆναι αὐτῶν τὰς ἀσυνέτους καρδίας μετὰ τὸ γενέσθαι τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτου διὰ τοῦ θεράποντος τοῦ θεοῦ Μωῦσέως.

## English translation (Claude)

Pharaoh and his army and all the leaders of Egypt, their chariots and their riders, were sunk into the Red Sea and perished for no other reason than that their foolish hearts were hardened after the signs and wonders had been done in the land of Egypt through Moses, the servant of God.

## Scripture references

- Exod 14:23: allusion, high confidence
- Exod 14:28: allusion, medium confidence

## Citation (SBL)

1 Clem. 51.5 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/1-clement/51/5/).