On the Resurrection of the Dead 3
Authorship disputed: The Arethas codex ascribes it to Athenagoras, and the end of the Plea (ch. 36) promises a treatment of the resurrection. Some scholars (notably R. M. Grant, 1954) have argued that its style and arguments point to a later author of the third or fourth century; others (e.g. B. Pouderon) defend Athenagoras's authorship.
Summary: The God who made human bodies from nothing has the power to raise them, even if they have been devoured by animals.
Greek text · Otto 7:198–200
Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν, ὡς ἔστιν ἀρκοῦσα πρὸς τὴν τῶν σωμάτων ἀνάστασιν, δείκνυσιν ἡ τούτων αὐτῶν γένεσις. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ὄντα κατὰ τὴν πρώτην σύστασιν ἐποίησε τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων σώματα καὶ τὰς τούτων ἀρχάς, καὶ διαλυθέντα, καθʼ ὃν ἂν τύχῃ τρόπον, ἀναστήσει μετὰ τῆς ἴσης εὐμαρείας· ἐπʼ ἴσης γὰρ αὐτῷ καὶ τοῦτο δυνατόν. Καὶ τῷ λόγῳ βλάβος οὐδέν, κἂν ἐξ ὕλης ὑποθῶνταί τινες τὰς πρώτας ἀρχάς, κἂν ἐκ τῶν στοιχείων ὡς πρώτων τὰ σώματα τὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, κἂν ἐκ σπερμάτων. Ἧς γάρ ἐστι δυνάμεως καὶ τὴν παρʼ αὐτοῖς νενομισμένην ἄμορφον οὖσαν μορφῶσαι, καὶ τὴν ἀνείδεον καὶ ἀδιακόσμητον πολλοῖς καὶ διαφόροις εἴδεσι κοσμῆσαι, καὶ τὰ μέρη τῶν στοιχείων εἰς ἓν συναγαγεῖν, καὶ τὸ σπέρμα ἓν ὂν καὶ ἁπλοῦν εἰς πολλὰ διελεῖν, καὶ τὸ ἀδιάρθρωτον διαρθρῶσαι, καὶ τῷ μὴ ζῶντι δοῦναι ζωήν, τῆς αὐτῆς ἐστι καὶ τὸ διαλελυμένον ἑνῶσαι, καὶ τὸ κείμενον ἀναστῆσαι, καὶ τὸ τεθνηκὸς ζωοποιῆσαι πάλιν, καὶ τὸ φθαρτὸν μεταβαλεῖν εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν. Τοῦ αὐτοῦ δʼ ἂν εἴη καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως καὶ σοφίας καὶ τὸ διατεθρυμμένον πλήθει ζώων παντοδαπῶν, ὁπόσα τοῖς τοιούτοις σώμασιν ἐπιτρέχειν εἴωθε καὶ τὸν ἐκ τούτων ἀγείρειν κόρον, διακρῖναι μὲν ἐκεῖθεν, ἑνῶσαι δὲ πάλιν τοῖς οἰκείοις μέρεσι καὶ μορίοις, κἂν εἰς ἓν ἐξ ἐκείνων χωρήσῃ ζῶον, κἂν εἰς πολλά, κἂν ἐντεῦθεν εἰς ἕτερα, κἂν ἐκείνοις αὐτοῖς συνδιαλυθὲν ἐπὶ τὰς πρώτας ἀρχὰς ἐνεχθῇ κατὰ τὴν φυσικὴν εἰς ταύτας ἀνάλυσιν· ὃ δὴ καὶ μάλιστα ταράττειν ἔδοξέ τινας καὶ τῶν ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ θαυμαζομένων, ἰσχυρὰς οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅπως ἡγησαμένων τὰς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν φερομένας διαπορήσεις.
English · Claude translation
Moreover, that his power is sufficient for the resurrection of bodies is shown by their very origin. For if, when they did not exist, he made human bodies and their first principles at their first constitution, he will also raise them, however they have been dissolved, with equal ease; for this too is equally possible for him. And it does the argument no harm if some suppose that the first principles come from matter, or that human bodies come from the elements as first things, or from seeds. For the same power that can give form to what they regard as formless, adorn with many different forms what was shapeless and unordered, gather the parts of the elements into one, divide the seed, which is one and simple, into many, articulate what was unarticulated, and give life to what was not living, can also unite what has been dissolved, raise up what lies fallen, give life again to what is dead, and change the corruptible into incorruption. It would belong to the same being, and to the same power and wisdom, to separate out what has been broken up by multitudes of animals of every kind, which commonly attack such bodies and take their fill of them, and to reunite it with its own parts and particles: whether it has passed into one of those animals or into many, or from these into others, or has been dissolved along with them and carried back to the first principles by the natural process of dissolution into them. This is what seems to have troubled most of all some even of those who are admired for their wisdom, who thought, I do not know why, that the difficulties raised by the many were strong.
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Notes
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (misprint: ἀρθαρσίαν for ἀφθαρσίαν (“incorruption”)): εἰς ἀρθαρσίαν → εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν.
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Athenagoras, Res. 3 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/3/).
Plain text
Athenagoras, Res. 3 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/3/).
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