Miscellanies 1.13.57
Summary: Truth is one, but the philosophical schools, like the Bacchants tearing Pentheus, each hold a fragment and claim it is the whole; whoever reassembles the fragments into the one Word will see the whole truth.
Greek text · Stählin 2:36–37
Μιᾶς τοίνυν οὔσης τῆς ἀληθείας (τὸ γὰρ ψεῦδος μυρίας ἐκτροπὰς ἔχει), καθάπερ αἱ βάκχαι τὰ τοῦ Πενθέως διαφορήσασαι μέλη αἱ τῆς φιλοσοφίας τῆς τε βαρβάρου τῆς τε Ἑλληνικῆς αἱρέσεις, ἑκάστη ὅπερ ἔλαχεν ὡς πᾶσαν αὐχεῖ τὴν ἀλήθειαν· φωτὸς δʼ, οἶμαι, ἀνατολῇ πάντα φωτίζεται. ξύμπαντες οὖν Ἕλληνές τε καὶ βάρβαροι, ὅσοι τἀληθοῦς ὠρέχθησαν, οἳ μὲν οὐκ ὀλίγα, οἳ δὲ μέρος τι, εἴπερ ἄρα, τοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας λόγου ἔχοντες ἂν δειχθεῖεν. ὁ γοῦν αἰὼν τοῦ χρόνου τὸ μέλλον καὶ τὸ ἐνεστός, ἀτὰρ δὴ καὶ τὸ παρῳχηκὸς ἀκαριαίως συνίστησι, πολὺ δὲ πλέον δυνατωτέρα τοῦ αἰῶνος ἡ ἀλήθεια συναγαγεῖν τὰ οἰκεῖα σπέρματα, κἂν εἰς τὴν ἀλλοδαπὴν ἐκπέσῃ γῆν. πάμπολλα γὰρ τῶν παρὰ ταῖς αἱρέσεσι δοξαζομένων εὕροιμεν ἄν (ὅσαι μὴ τέλεον ἐκκεκώφηνται μηδὲ ἐξετμήθησαν τὴν φυσικὴν ἀκολουθίαν, καθάπερ τὸν ἄνδρα αἱ γυναικωνίτιδες ἀποκοψάμεναι τὸν λόγον), εἰ καὶ ἀλλήλοις ἀνόμοια εἶναι δοκεῖ, τῷ γένει γε καὶ ὅλῃ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ὁμολογοῦντα· ἢ γὰρ ὡς μέλος ἢ ὡς μέρος ἢ ὡς εἶδος ἢ ὡς γένος εἰς ἓν συνάπτεται. ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἡ ὑπάτη ἐναντία τῇ νεάτῃ οὖσα, ἀλλʼ ἄμφω γε ἁρμονία μία, ἔν τε ἀριθμοῖς ὁ ἄρτιος τῷ περιττῷ διαφέρεται, ὁμολογοῦσι δὲ ἄμφω τῇ ἀριθμητικῇ, ὡς τῷ σχήματι ὁ κύκλος καὶ τὸ τρίγωνον καὶ τὸ τετράγωνον καὶ ὅσα τῶν σχημάτων ἀλλήλων διενήνοχεν. ἀτὰρ καὶ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ παντὶ τὰ μέρη σύμπαντα, κἂν διαφέρηται πρὸς ἄλληλα, τὴν πρὸς τὸ ὅλον οἰκειότητα διαφυλάττει. οὕτως οὖν ἥ τε βάρβαρος ἥ τε Ἑλληνικὴ φιλοσοφία τὴν ἀίδιον ἀλήθειαν σπαραγμόν τινα, οὐ τῆς Διονύσου μυθολογίας, τῆς δὲ τοῦ λόγου τοῦ ὄντος ἀεὶ θεολογίας πεποίηται. ὁ δὲ τὰ διῃρημένα συνθεὶς αὖθις καὶ ἑνοποιήσας τέλειον τὸν λόγον ἀκινδύνως εὖ ἴσθʼ ὅτι κατόψεται τὴν ἀλήθειαν.
English · Claude translation
Since, then, truth is one (for falsehood has countless byways), just as the Bacchants tore apart the limbs of Pentheus, so the schools of philosophy, both barbarian and Greek, each boasts that the part it obtained is the whole truth; but at the rising of the light, I think, all things are illuminated. All, then, Greeks and barbarians, who have reached out for the truth, would be shown to have, some not a little, others some part, if indeed any, of the word of truth. Eternity, at any rate, instantly unites in itself the future and the present, and indeed the past; but much more powerful than eternity is truth to gather its own seeds, even if they have fallen in a foreign land. For we would find very many of the opinions held by the schools (those which have not become completely deaf, nor cut off the natural sequence, as the women cut off the man, cutting off reason), even if they seem unlike one another, agreeing in kind and with the whole truth; for they are joined into one either as limb, or part, or species, or genus. Thus the highest string is opposite to the lowest, yet both make one harmony; and in numbers the even differs from the odd, yet both agree in arithmetic, as in shape do the circle, the triangle, the square, and all the shapes that differ from one another. And in the whole universe all the parts, even if they differ from one another, preserve their kinship with the whole. So, then, barbarian and Greek philosophy has torn off a fragment of the eternal truth, not from the mythology of Dionysus, but from the theology of the ever-existing Word. And the one who puts together again what has been divided and makes the Word one and complete, be sure, will behold the truth without danger.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The image is from the myth of Pentheus torn apart by the Bacchants (Euripides, Bacchae). This is one of Clement's key statements of how philosophy shares in the one truth of the Logos.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent: grave on τὰ; accent: grave on ἓν; stray period in the digital text; wrong breathing and accent on εἰς): κἂν εῖς τὴν ἀλλοδαπὴν → κἂν εἰς τὴν ἀλλοδαπὴν; εἰς ἕν συνάπτεται → εἰς ἓν συνάπτεται; τῇ νεάτῃ οὖσα. ἀλλʼ ἄμφω → τῇ νεάτῃ οὖσα, ἀλλʼ ἄμφω; παντὶ τά μέρη σύμπαντα → παντὶ τὰ μέρη σύμπαντα.
Cite this passage
Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 1.13.57 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-stromata/1/13/57/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 1.13.57 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-stromata/1/13/57/).
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