Second Apology 4

Summary: God entrusted the world to angels, some of whom fell by lust for women and fathered the demons, who enslaved mankind and are the gods of the poets.

Show

Greek text · Rauschen, 120–122

Εἰ δέ τινα ὑπέλθοι καὶ ἡ ἔννοια αὕτη ὅτι, εἰ θεὸν ὡμολογοῦμεν βοηθόν, οὐκ ἄν, ὡς λέγομεν, ὑπὸ ἀδίκων ἐκρατούμεθα καὶ ἐτιμωρούμεθα, καὶ τοῦτο διαλύσω. Ὁ θεὸς τὸν πάντα κόσμον ποιήσας καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια ἀνθρώποις ὑποτάξας καὶ τὰ οὐράνια στοιχεῖα εἰς αὔξησιν καρπῶν καὶ ὡρῶν μεταβολὰς κοσμήσας καὶ θεῖον τούτοις νόμον τάξας, ἃ καὶ αὐτὰ διʼ ἀνθρώπους φαίνεται πεποιηκώς, τὴν μὲν τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν πρόνοιαν ἀγγέλοις, οὓς ἐπὶ τούτοις ἔταξε, παρέδωκεν. Οἱ δʼ ἄγγελοι, παραβάντες τήνδε τὴν τάξιν, γυναικῶν μίξεσιν ἡττήθησαν καὶ παῖδας ἐτέκνωσαν, οἵ εἰσιν οἱ λεγόμενοι δαίμονες. Καὶ προσέτι λοιπὸν τὸ ἀνθρώπειον γένος ἑαυτοῖς ἐδούλωσαν· τὰ μὲν διὰ μαγικῶν γραφῶν, τὰ δὲ διὰ φόβων καὶ τιμωριῶν, ὧν ἐπέφερον, τὸ δὲ διὰ διδαχῆς θυμάτων καὶ θυμιαμάτων καὶ σπονδῶν, ὧν ἐνδεεῖς γεγόνασι μετὰ τὸ πάθεσιν ἐπιθυμιῶν δουλωθῆναι· καὶ εἰς ἀνθρώπους φόνους, πολέμους, μοιχείας, ἀκολασίας καὶ πᾶσαν κακίαν ἔσπειραν. Ὅθεν καὶ ποιηταὶ καὶ μυθολόγοι, ἀγνοοῦντες τοὺς ἀγγέλους καὶ τοὺς ἐξ αὐτῶν γεννηθέντας δαίμονας ταῦτα πρᾶξαι εἰς ἄῤῥενας καὶ θηλείας καὶ πόλεις καὶ ἔθνη, ἅπερ συνέγραψαν, εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν θεὸν καὶ τοὺς ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱοὺς καὶ τῶν λεχθέντων ἐκείνου ἀδελφῶν καὶ τέκνων ὁμοίως τῶν ἀπʼ ἐκείνων, Ποσειδῶνος καὶ Πλούτωνος, ἀνήνεγκαν. Ὀνόματι γὰρ ἕκαστον, ὅπερ ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ τῶν ἀγγέλων καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ἔθετο, προσηγόρευσαν.

English · Claude translation

But if this thought should also occur to someone, that if we confessed God as our helper we would not, as we say, be overpowered and punished by the unjust, I will resolve this too. God, having made the whole world, and subjected earthly things to men, and arranged the heavenly elements for the growth of fruits and the changes of the seasons, and appointed a divine law for them, which things also he evidently made for men, committed the care of men and of the things under heaven to angels, whom he appointed over them. But the angels transgressed this order and were overcome by intercourse with women, and begot children, who are those called demons. And besides, they then enslaved the human race to themselves: partly by magical writings, partly by fears and the punishments they brought, and partly by teaching them sacrifices and incense and libations, of which they came to be in need after they were enslaved to the passions of lust; and they sowed among men murders, wars, adulteries, licentiousness, and every evil. Hence the poets and mythologists, not knowing that it was the angels and the demons born of them who did these things to men and women and cities and nations, which they wrote about, ascribed them to God himself and to those who were thought to be his sons by seed, and to those called his brothers, Poseidon and Pluto, and likewise to their children. For they called each by the name that each of the angels had given to himself and to his children.

About this passage

Source
Rauschen, 120–122 · Gerhard Rauschen, ed., S. Iustini Apologiae duae, Florilegium Patristicum 2 (Bonn: Hanstein, 1911), 114–136 · Greek text: G. Rauschen, S. Iustini Apologiae duae (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Rauschen (Florilegium Patristicum 2, 1911); made independently of existing English translations.
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • 1 En. 6–16 (1 Enoch) · allusion, medium confidence

Notes

Translation notes

  • Justin draws on the tradition, based on Gen 6:1–4 and developed in 1 Enoch, that the “sons of God” were angels who fathered the demons.
  • This is chapter 5 in older editions and in ANF.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (digitization slip against Rauschen's printed text (wrong letter)): ἀπολασίας → ἀκολασίας.

Cite this passage

Justin, 2 Apol. 4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-2-apology/4/).

Plain text
Justin, 2 Apol. 4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/justin-2-apology/4/).

Download citation:BibTeX ·RIS (Zotero, EndNote)

Whole work:BibTeX ·RIS ·Markdown text

Report an error in this passage