Against Celsus 2.41

Summary: Origen answers that poverty and persecution are not true evils, as the examples of Socrates, Democritus, Crates, and Diogenes show; Celsus cannot point to any wickedness in Jesus.

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Greek text · Koetschau 1:164–165

Ἔτι δʼ ἐγκαλεῖ τῷ Ἰησοῦ ὁ Κέλσος διὰ τοῦ Ἰουδαϊκοῦ προσώπου, ὡς μὴ δείξαντι ἑαυτὸν πάντων δὴ κακῶν καθαρεύοντα. ποίων δὴ κακῶν, λεγέτω ὁ Κέλσου λόγος, οὐκ ἔδειξεν ἑαυτὸν καθαρεύοντα ὁ Ἰησοῦς; εἰ μὲν γὰρ τῶν κυρίως κακῶν λέγει αὐτὸν μὴ κεκαθαρευκέναι, παραστησάτω ἐναργῶς κακίας ἔργον ἐν αὐτῷ· εἰ δὲ κακὰ νομίζει πενίαν καὶ σταυρὸν καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀτόπων ἀνθρώπων ἐπιβουλὴν, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ Σωκράτει φησὶ κακὰ συμβεβηκέναι, μὴ δυνηθέντι ἑαυτὸν ἀποδεῖξαι καθαρὸν ἀπὸ τῶν κακῶν. ὅσος δὲ καὶ ἄλλος χορὸς πενήτων ἐστὶ παρʼ Ἕλλησι φιλοσοφησάντων καὶ ἑκούσιον πενίαν ἀναδεξαμένων, καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ Ἑλλήνων ἴσασιν ἐκ τῶν ἀναγραφέντων περὶ μὲν Δημοκρίτου, μηλόβοτον ἐάσαντος τὴν οὐσίαν, περὶ δὲ Κράτητος, ἑαυτὸν ἐλευθερώσαντος διὰ τοῦ τοῖς Θηβαίοις χαρίσασθαι τὸ ὑπὲρ πάσης τῆς κτήσεως πραθείσης δοθὲν αὐτῷ ἀργύριον· ἀλλὰ καὶ Διογένης διʼ ὑπερβάλλουσαν εὐτέλειαν πίθον ᾤκει, καὶ παρʼ οὐδενὶ τῶν νοῦν ἐχόντων κἂν μέτριον τούτου γε χάριν Διογένης ἐν κακοῖς ἦν.

English · Claude translation

Celsus further accuses Jesus, through the character of the Jew, of not showing himself pure from all evils. From what evils, let Celsus's argument say, did Jesus not show himself pure? For if he says that he was not pure from evils in the proper sense, let him clearly show a deed of wickedness in him. But if he considers poverty, the cross, and the plotting of wicked men to be evils, it is clear that he says evils befell Socrates too, who could not show himself pure from evils. And how great a company of poor men there is besides among the Greeks, who practiced philosophy and accepted voluntary poverty, most Greeks know from what is recorded: of Democritus, who let his property become sheep pasture; of Crates, who freed himself by giving the Thebans the money paid to him for the sale of all his possessions. Diogenes too lived in a jar out of extreme frugality; yet among no one with even moderate sense was Diogenes, for this reason, in evil.

About this passage

Source
Koetschau 1:164–165 · Paul Koetschau, ed., Origenes Werke 1–2: Gegen Celsus, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899) · Greek text: P. Koetschau, Origenes Werke 1–2 (GCS 2–3, 1899), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in Koetschau, GCS 2–3. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; no textual problem is noted in this passage.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Koetschau, GCS 2–3; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 4 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Extrabiblical texts
  • Democritus (Democritus (fragments)) · allusion, medium confidence
Topics
Christology, Ethics

Notes

Translation notes

  • The stories of Democritus, Crates, and Diogenes are told in Diogenes Laertius, Lives 9.36, 6.87, and 6.23.

Cite this passage

Origen, Cels. 2.41 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/2/41/).

Plain text
Origen, Cels. 2.41 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/2/41/).

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