Against Celsus 3.32
Summary: Against the tale of Hermotimus of Clazomenae, whose soul left his body, Origen sets Jesus' own authority to lay down his life and take it again, shown in his death and resurrection as foretold.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:228–229
Ἐπεὶ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ περὶ τοῦ Κλαζομενίου ὁ Κέλσος εἶπε προσθεὶς ἐπὶ τῆς κατʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίας· μῶν οὐ τοῦτό φασιν, ὡς ἄρα ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ πολλάκις ἀπολιποῦσα τὸ σῶμα περιεπόλει ἀσώματος; καὶ οὐδὲ τοῦτον ἐνόμισαν θεὸν οἱ ἄνθρωποι. καὶ πρὸς τοῦτο φήσομεν ὅτι τάχα πονηροί τινες δαίμονες τοιαῦτα ᾠκονόμησαν ἀναγραφῆναι (οὐ γὰρ πιστεύω ὅτι καὶ γενέσθαι ᾠκονόμησαν). ἵνα τὰ προφητευθέντα περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τὰ λεχθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ ἤτοι ὡς πλάσματα ὅμοια ἐκείνοις διαβάλληται, ἢ ὡς οὐδὲν πλεῖον ἑτέρων ἔχοντα μὴ πάνυ θαυμάζηται. ἔλεγε δὴ ὁ ἐμὸς Ἰησοῦς περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῆς. οὐ κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον χρεὼν χωριζομένης τοῦ σώματος ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ καὶ περὶ τούτου παράδοξον ἐξουσίαν, τό· „οὐδεὶς αἴρει τὴν ψυχήν μου ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ, ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ τίθημι αὐτὴν ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ. ἐξουσίαν ἔχω θεῖναι αὐτὴν, καὶ πάλιν ἐξουσίαν ἔχω λαβεῖν αὐτήν.“ ἐπεὶ γὰρ „ἐξουσίαν“ εἶχε „θεῖναι αὐτὴν.“ ἔθηκε μὲν. ἡνίκα εἶπε· „πάτερ, ἱνατί με ἐγκατέλιπες;“ καὶ „κράξας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ἀφῆκε τὸ πνεῦμα, “ προλαβὼν τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνασκολοπιζομένων δημίους. ὑποτέμνοντας τὰ σκέλη τῶν σταυρουμένων καὶ διὰ τοῦθʼ ὑποτέμνοντας, ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ πλέον τιμωρίαν τίσωσιν. ἔλαβε δὲ „τὴν ψυχὴν“, ὅτε ἑαυτὸν ἐνεφάνισε τοῖς μαθηταῖς, προειπὼν ἐπʼ αὐτῶν τοῖς ἀπιστοῦσιν αὐτῷ Ἰουδαίοις· „λύσατε τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον, κἀγὼ ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ἐγερῶ αὐτόν.“ καὶ „ἔλεγέ γε τοῦτο περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ.“ καὶ τῶν προφητῶν προκηρυξάντων τὸ τοιοῦτο διὰ πλειόνων καὶ διὰ τοῦ· „ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἡ σάρξ μου κατασκηνώσει ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι· ὅτι οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς τὸν ᾅδην οὐδὲ δώσεις τὸν ὅσιόν σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν.“
English · Claude translation
Since after this Celsus also spoke of the man of Clazomenae, adding to the story about him: “Do they not say this, that his soul often left his body and roamed about bodiless? Yet people did not consider him a god either,” we shall say to this that perhaps some wicked daemons arranged for such things to be written (for I do not believe they arranged for them to happen too), so that what was prophesied about Jesus and said by him might either be slandered as fictions like those, or, as having nothing more than others, not be greatly admired. My Jesus said about his own soul, which was separated from the body not by human necessity but by the marvelous authority given him in this too: “No one takes my life from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it again.” For since he had “authority to lay it down,” he laid it down when he said, “Father, why have you forsaken me?”, and, “crying with a loud voice, gave up his spirit,” anticipating the executioners of the crucified, who break the legs of those crucified, and break them so that they may not suffer punishment any longer. And he took “his life” again when he showed himself to the disciples, having foretold it in their presence to the Jews who disbelieved him: “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” And “he spoke this of the temple of his body”; the prophets too having proclaimed this in many places, including: “Moreover my flesh also will dwell in hope; for you will not abandon my soul to Hades, nor let your holy one see corruption.”
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The man of Clazomenae is Hermotimus (Pliny, Natural History 7.174). The quotations are John 10:18, Matt 27:46, Matt 27:50, John 2:19, 21, and Ps 16:9–10 (15:9–10 LXX); the breaking of legs is John 19:31–33. ψυχή is rendered “life” in John 10:18 and “soul” in Ps 16.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing accent and breathing in the digital text): η ὡς οὐδὲν → ἢ ὡς οὐδὲν.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 3.32 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/32/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 3.32 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/3/32/).
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