Against Celsus 4.43
Summary: Celsus sneers at Genesis's family stories and at Jacob's flocks, but these events happened as types written for Christians; Jacob's marked flocks signify believers from the nations.
Greek text · Koetschau 1:315–316
Ἀτοπωτάτην δὲ λέγει καὶ ἔξωρον παιδοποιΐαν, εἰ καὶ μὴ ὠνόμασε, δῆλον δʼ ὅτι λέγων τὴν τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ τῆς Σάῤῥας. ῥίπτων δὲ καὶ τὰς τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐπιβουλὰς ἤτοι τὸν Κάϊν ἐπιβουλεύσαντα τῷ Ἄβελ λέγει ἢ πρὸς τούτῳ καὶ τὸν Ἠσαῦ τῷ Ἰακώβ· πατρὸς δὲ λύπην, τάχα μὲν καὶ τὴν Ἰσαὰκ ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ ἀποδημίᾳ τάχα δὲ καὶ τὴν τοῦ Ἰακὼβ διὰ τὸν Ἰωσὴφ πραθέντα εἰς Αἴγυπτον. μητέρων δʼ οἶμαι ἐνέδρας ἀναγράφοντα αὐτὸν δηλοῦν τὴν Ῥεβέκκαν, οἰκονομήσασαν τὰς τοῦ Ἰσαὰκ εὐχὰς μὴ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἠσαῦ ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰακὼβ φθάσαι. ἄγχιστα δὲ τούτοις πᾶσι συμπολιτευόμενον εἴ φαμεν τὸν θεὸν, τί ἄτοπον πράσσομεν πειθόμενοι μηδέ ποτε ἀφιστάνειν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θειότητα τῶν μετὰ τοῦ καλῶς καὶ ἐῤῥωμένως βιοῦν αὐτῷ ἀνακειμένων; ἐχλεύασε δὲ τὴν παρὰ τῷ Λάβαν κτῆσιν τοῦ Ἰακὼβ, μὴ νοήσας, ἐπὶ τί ἀναφέρεται τὸ „καὶ ἦν τὰ ἄσημα τοῦ Λάβαν, τὰ δὲ ἐπίσημα τοῦ Ἰακὼβ.“ καί φησι τὸν θεὸν τοῖς υἱοῖς ὀνάρια καὶ προβάτια καὶ καμήλους δεδωρῆσθαι· καὶ οὐχ ἑώρα ὅτι „ταῦτα πάντα τυπικῶς συνέβαινεν ἐκείνοις, ἐγράφη δὲ διʼ ἡμᾶς. εἰς οὓς τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων κατήντησε“· παρʼ οἷς τὸ ποικίλα ἤθη „ἐπίσημα“ γινόμενα τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ θεοῦ πολιτεύεται, δοθέντα κτῆσις τῷ τροπικῶς καλουμένῳ Ἰακώβ. ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐθνῶν οἱ εἰς αὐτὸν πιστεύοντες ἐδηλοῦντο διὰ τῶν ἀναγεγραμμένων περὶ Λάβαν καὶ Ἰακώβ.
English · Claude translation
He speaks of “a most absurd and untimely begetting of children,” and though he did not name it, it is clear that he means that of Abraham and Sarah. And throwing in “the plots of brothers,” he means either Cain's plot against Abel or, besides this, Esau's against Jacob; and “a father's grief,” perhaps Isaac's at Jacob's departure, and perhaps also Jacob's because of Joseph's being sold into Egypt. And in recording “the treacheries of mothers” he means, I think, Rebecca, who contrived that Isaac's blessings should come not upon Esau but upon Jacob. If we say that God was very close to all these, living among them, what absurdity do we commit in being persuaded that he never withdraws his divinity from those devoted to him with a good and steadfast life? He mocked Jacob's acquisition of property with Laban, not understanding to what the words refer: “And the unmarked were Laban's, and the marked were Jacob's.” And he says that God gave his sons little donkeys and little sheep and camels; and he did not see that “all these things happened to them as types, and were written for our sake, upon whom the ends of the ages have come.” Among us the varied characters, made “marked” by the Word of God, live as citizens, given as a possession to the one figuratively called Jacob. For those from the nations who believe in him were signified by what is recorded about Laban and Jacob.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The allusions are Gen 21:1–7 (Abraham and Sarah), Gen 4:8 (Cain), Gen 27 (Esau, Jacob, and Rebecca), Gen 37:34–35 (Jacob's grief), and Gen 30:42; the quotation is 1 Cor 10:11.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 4.43 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/43/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 4.43 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/4/43/).
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