Against Celsus 5.35
Summary: If philosophers may rightly abandon superstitious ancestral taboos, so may Christians; to keep them anyway would make a philosopher as ridiculous as an Egyptian who fears to eat an onion.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:38–39
Διὰ τούτων δὲ ὁδεύειν δοκεῖ τῷ Κέλσῳ ὁ λόγος ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖν πάντας ἀνθρώπους κατὰ τὰ πάτρια ζῆν, οὐκ ἂν μεμφθέντας ἐπὶ τούτῳ· Χριστιανοὺς δὲ τὰ πάτρια καταλιπόντας καὶ οὐχ ἕν τι τυγχάνοντας ἔθνος ὡς Ἰουδαῖοι ἐγκλήτως προστίθεσθαι τῇ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διδασκαλίᾳ. λεγέτω ουν ἡμῖν, πότερον καθηκόντως οἱ φιλοσοφοῦντες καὶ διδασκόμενοι μὴ δεισιδαιμονεῖν καταλείψουσι τὰ πάτρια, ὡς καὶ φαγεῖν τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων ἐν ταῖς πατρίσιν αὐτῶν, ἢ παρὰ τὸ καθῆκον τοῦτο πράξουσιν; εἰ μὲν γὰρ διὰ φιλοσοφίαν καὶ τὰ κατὰ δεισιδαιμονίας μαθήματα οὐ φυλάττοντες τὰ πάτρια καὶ φάγοιεν ἂν τῶν ἀπηγορευμένων αὐτοῖς ἐκ πατέρων, διὰ τί οὐχὶ καὶ Χριστιανοὶ, λόγου αἱροῦντος μὴ τευτάζειν περὶ τὰ ἀγάλματα καὶ τὰ ἱδρύματα ἢ καὶ περὶ τὰ δημιουργήματα τοῦ θεοῦ ἀλλʼ ὑπεραναβαίνειν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν παριστάνειν τῷ δημιουργῷ, τὸ ἀνάλογον ποιοῦντες τοῖς φιλοσοφοῦσιν ἀνεγκλήτως τοῦτο πράττοιεν; εἰ δʼ ὑπὲρ τοῦ φυλάξαι τὴν προκειμένην ἑαυτῷ ὑπόθεσιν ὁ Κέλσος ἐρεῖ ἢ οἱ εὐδοκοῦντες τοῖς αὐτοῦ ὅτι καὶ φιλοσοφήσας τις τηρήσει τὰ πάτρια· ὥρα φιλοσόφους γελοιοτάτους φέρʼ εἰπεῖν ἐν Αἰγυπτίοις γενέσθαι φυλαττομένους ἐμφαγεῖν κρομύου, ἵνα τὰ πάτρια τηρῶσιν, ἢ μορίων τινῶν τοῦ σώματος οἷον κεφαλῆς καὶ ὤμου, ἵνα μὴ παραβαίνωσι τὰ ὑπὸ πατέρων αὐτοῖς παραδοθέντα. καὶ οὔπω λέγω περὶ τῶν τὰς τοῦ σώματος φλυαρίας ἐν φύσαις φριττόντων τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ὅτι, ἐὰν ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων τις φιλοσοφήσῃ καὶ τηρήσῃ τὰ πάτρια, γελοῖος ἂν εἴη φιλόσοφος ἀφιλόσοφα πράττων. οὕτως οὖν καὶ ὁ ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου προσαχθεὶς ἐπὶ τὸ σέβειν τὸν τῶν ὅλων θεὸν καὶ διὰ τὰ πάτρια κάτω που μένων παρὰ τοῖς ἀγάλμασι καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις ἱδρύμασι καὶ μὴ βουλόμενος ἀναβῆναι τῇ προαιρέσει πρὸς τὸν δημιουργὸν παραπλήσιος ἂν γένοιτο τοῖς μαθοῦσι μὲν τὰ φιλοσοφίας φοβουμένοις δὲ τὰ μὴ φοβερὰ καὶ νομίζουσιν ἀσέβειαν εἶναι τὸ τοιῶνδε ἐμφαγεῖν.
English · Claude translation
Through these words Celsus's argument seems to be heading toward the claim that all human beings should live according to their ancestral customs and would not be blamed for this; but that Christians, having abandoned their ancestral customs, and not being a single nation as the Jews are, are culpable in attaching themselves to the teaching of Jesus. Let him tell us, then, whether those who study philosophy and are taught not to be superstitious will rightly abandon their ancestral customs, so as even to eat what is forbidden in their native lands, or whether they will do this contrary to what is right. For if, because of philosophy and the teachings against superstition, they do not keep their ancestral customs and would eat what their fathers forbade them, why should not Christians too, since reason chooses not to fuss about statues and shrines, or even about the created works of God, but to rise above them and present the soul to the Creator, do the same as the philosophers and do it without blame? But if, to preserve the thesis he has set himself, Celsus or those who approve his views say that even one who has studied philosophy will keep his ancestral customs, it is time for philosophers, among the Egyptians for example, to become utterly ridiculous, guarding against eating an onion so as to keep their ancestral customs, or certain parts of the body, such as the head and the shoulder, so as not to transgress what their fathers handed down to them. And I do not yet speak of those Egyptians who shudder at the body's trifling noises of wind, that if one of them becomes a philosopher and keeps his ancestral customs, he would be a ridiculous philosopher acting unphilosophically. So too, then, the one who has been brought by reason to worship the God of the universe, but because of ancestral customs remains down below among statues and human-made shrines, and is unwilling to rise up in his choice to the Creator, would be like those who have learned philosophy but fear what is not to be feared and think it impiety to eat such and such things.
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Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 5.35 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/35/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 5.35 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/35/).
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