Against Celsus 5.53
Summary: Origen will answer briefly: Christ is not merely an angel but, as Isaiah says, the 'angel of great counsel' who announced God's plan for humanity, and no Christian claims he was the only messenger ever sent.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:56–57
Ἤρκει μὲν οὖν τὰ προειρημένα ἐν τοῖς ἰδίᾳ περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐξετασθεῖσι πρὸς τὰς Κέλσου λέξεις· ἵνα δὲ μὴ δοκῶμεν τόπον τινὰ αὐτοῦ τῆς γραφῆς ὑπερβαίνειν ἑκόντες ὡς μὴ δεδυνημένοι λέγειν πρὸς αὐτὸν, φέρε, εἰ καὶ ταυτολογεῖν μέλλομεν, ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἡμᾶς τοῦ Κέλσου προκαλουμένου, ὅση δύναμις ἐπιτεμώμεθα τὸν λόγον, ἐὰν ἄρα τι ὑποπέσῃ περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ἢ ἐναργέστερον ἢ καινότερον. φησὶ δὴ παραλιπεῖν ὅσα περὶ τοῦ διδασκάλου Χριστιανοὶ διελέγχονται, οὐ παραλιπών (τι) ὧν ἐδύνατο λέγειν· ὅπερ ἐστὶ φανερὸν ἐκ τῶν ἀνωτέρω αὐτῷ λελεγμένων· ἄλλως δὲ ῥητορικῇ ἐγχειρήσει κατακολουθῶν τὸ τοιοῦτο ποιεῖ. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅτι οὐ διελεγχόμεθα περὶ τοῦ τηλικούτου σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, κἂν δοκῇ ὁ ἐγκαλῶν διελέγχειν, δῆλον ἔσται τοῖς φιλαλήθως καὶ ἐξεταστικῶς ὅλοις τοῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ προφητευομένοις καὶ ἀναγεγραμμένοις ἐντυγχάνουσιν. ἑξῆς δὲ, ἐπεὶ νομίζεται συγχωρητικῶς λέγειν περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ὅτι δοκείτω τις ὡς ἀληθῶς ἄγγελος οὗτος εἶναι, φαμὲν ὅτι τοῦτʼ οὐχ ὡς συγχωρούμενον ἀπὸ Κέλσου λαμβάνομεν, τῷ δʼ ἔργῳ αὐτοῦ ἐνορῶντες ὅλῳ τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπιδεδημηκότος κατὰ τὸν ἑαυτοῦ λόγον καὶ τὴν διδασκαλίαν, ὡς ἕκαστος ἐχώρει τῶν προσιεμένων αὐτόν. ὅπερ ἔργον ἦν τοῦ, ὡς ὠνόμασεν ἡ περὶ αὐτοῦ προφητεία, οὐχ ἁπαξαπλῶς ἀγγέλου ἀλλὰ τοῦ τῆς „μεγάλης βουλῆς“ ἀγγέλου· ἤγγελλε γὰρ ἀνθρώποις τὴν μεγάλην τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς τῶν ὅλων περὶ αὐτῶν βουλὴν, εἰκόντων μὲν τῷ βιοῦν ἐν καθαρᾷ θεοσεβείᾳ ὡς ἀναβαινόντων διὰ τῶν μεγάλων πράξεων πρὸς τὸν θεὸν, μὴ προσιεμένων δὲ ὡς ἑαυτοὺς μακρυνόντων ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπώλειαν διὰ τῆς περὶ θεοῦ ἀπιστίας ὁδευόντων. εἶθʼ ἑξῆς φησιν· εἰ καὶ ἄγγελος οὗτος πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ἦλθεν. ἆρα πρῶτος ἧκε καὶ μόνος, ἤ καὶ ἄλλοι πρότερον; καὶ πρὸς ἑκάτερον δὲ διὰ πλειόνων οἴεται ἀπαντᾶν, οὐδενὸς δὴ τῶν ὡς ἀληθῶς Χριστιανῶν λέγοντος μόνον τὸν Χριστὸν ἐπιδεδημηκέναι τῷ (γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων·) καὶ ἄλλους ὦφθαί φησιν ἀνθρώποις ὁ Κέλσος, εἰ μὲν δὴ φαῖεν ὅτι μόνος.
English · Claude translation
What was said earlier, in our separate examination of Celsus's words about our Saviour Jesus Christ, would suffice; but so that we may not seem to pass over any part of his writing deliberately, as though unable to answer him, come, even if we are going to repeat ourselves, since Celsus challenges us to it, let us cut the discussion as short as we can, in case something clearer or newer on the same subjects occurs to us. He says that he passes over the arguments by which Christians are refuted about their teacher, though he has passed over nothing he could say, as is evident from what he said above; he does this simply following a rhetorical device. But that we are not refuted about so great a Saviour of ours, even if the accuser seems to refute us, will be clear to those who read, with love of truth and careful examination, all that has been prophesied and recorded about him. Next, since he is thought to speak by way of concession about the Saviour, "let him be regarded as truly an angel," we say that we do not accept this as conceded by Celsus, but look to the work of the one who came to the whole human race according to his own word and teaching, as each of those who received him could contain it. This was the work of one who, as the prophecy about him named him, is not simply an angel but the angel "of great counsel"; for he announced to human beings the great counsel of God, the Father of the universe, concerning them: of those who yield to live in pure worship of God, as ascending to God through great deeds, and of those who do not receive it, as putting themselves far from God and travelling toward destruction through unbelief concerning God. Then he says next: "If this one too came to human beings as an angel, did he come first and alone, or did others come before?" And he thinks he answers both alternatives at length, though no true Christian says that Christ alone came to the human race; and Celsus says that others too appeared to human beings, "if they said that he alone came."
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The title is Isa 9:6 (9:5 LXX: μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος). The parentheses (τι) and (γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων·) are the editor's supplements.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing breathing and accent in the digital text): σωτῆρος οτι δοκείτω → σωτῆρος ὅτι δοκείτω.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 5.53 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/53/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 5.53 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/5/53/).
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