Against Celsus 7.30
Summary: Plato's picture of precious stones in the higher earth probably came from Isaiah's description of God's jewelled city; Christians did not borrow from Plato, and Haggai distinguishes “the earth” from the “dry land” we live on.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:181
Δοκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν τῇδε τιμίων εἶναι νομιζομένων λίθων, ἀποῤῥοήν τινα λεγομένων ἔχειν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇ κρείττονι γῇ λίθων, εἰλῆφθαι τῷ Πλάτωνι ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ ἀναγεγραμμένων περὶ τῆς πόλεως τοῦ θεοῦ. περὶ ἧς γέγραπται· „θήσω τὰς ἐπάλξεις σου ἴασπιν καὶ τοὺς λίθους σου λίθους κρυστάλλου καὶ τὸν περίβολόν σου λίθους ἐκλεκτοὺς“ καὶ πάλιν· „θήσω τὰ θεμέλιά σου σάπφειρον.“ τὸν μὲν οὖν παρὰ Πλάτωνι ἀλληγοροῦντες μῦθον οἱ σεμνότερον τὰ τοῦ φιλοσόφου ἐξειληφότες διηγοῦνται. τὰς δὲ προφητείας. ἀφʼ ὧν στοχαζόμεθα καὶ τὸν Πλάτωνα εἰληφέναι, οἱ συγγενῶς τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ἐνθέως βιώσαντες καὶ πάντα τὸν χρόνον ἀναθέντες τῇ ἐξετάσει τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων τοῖς ἐπιτηδείοις διὰ βίου καθαρότητα καὶ τὴν περὶ τὰ θεῖα φιλομάθειαν παραστήσουσιν. ἡμῖν δὲ προκείμενον ἦν δεῖξαι ὅτι ἡμεῖς μὲν οὐκ ἀπὸ Ἑλλήνων ἢ Πλάτωνος τὰ περὶ τῆς ἁγίας γῆς εἰλήφαμεν· ἐκεῖνοι δὲ, νεώτεροι γενόμενοι οὐ μόνον τοῦ ἀρχαιοτάτου Μωϋσέως ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν πλείστων προφητῶν. ἤτοι παρακηκόασί τινων αἰνισσομένων περὶ τῶν τοιούτων, ἢ καὶ ταῖς ἱεραῖς ἐντυχόντες γραφαῖς παραποιήσαντες αὐτὰ τοιαῦτά τινα περὶ τῆς κρείττονος εἰρήκασι γῆς. σαφῶς δʼ ὁ Ἀγγαῖος παρίστησιν ἄλλο μὲν εἶναι „τὴν ξηρὰν“ ἄλλο δὲ „τὴν γῆν, “ ξηρὰν καλῶν ταύτην, ἐφʼ ᾗ ἐσμεν. λέγει δὲ οὕτως· „ἔτι ἅπαξ ἐγὼ σείσω τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ (τὴν) γῆν καὶ τὴν ξηρὰν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν.“
English · Claude translation
It seems to me that what Plato says about the stones considered precious here, which are said to have a kind of emanation from the stones in the better land, was also taken by him from what is written in Isaiah about the city of God, of which it is written: “I will make your battlements of jasper, and your stones stones of crystal, and your enclosing wall choice stones”; and again: “I will lay your foundations with sapphire.” Those who have understood the philosopher's teachings in a loftier way explain Plato's myth allegorically. But the prophecies, from which we conjecture that Plato too took these things, will be set forth, for those fitted by purity of life and love of learning about divine things, by those who have lived like the prophets and in an inspired way, and have devoted all their time to the examination of the sacred writings. Our purpose was to show that we have not taken what concerns the holy land from the Greeks or Plato; rather they, who were later not only than Moses, the most ancient, but also than most of the prophets, either misunderstood some who spoke of such things in riddles, or read the sacred writings and, distorting them, said such things about the better land. Haggai clearly shows that “the dry land” is one thing and “the earth” another, calling this land on which we live dry land. He says this: “Yet once more I will shake the heaven and the earth and the dry land and the sea.”
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The passages are Plato, Phaedo 110d–e, Isa 54:12, Isa 54:11, and Hag 2:6. Origen's view that Plato borrowed from the prophets is a common early Christian claim.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (unread characters in the digital text; the name Moses is certain from context): Μω(??)σέως → Μωϋσέως.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 7.30 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/7/30/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 7.30 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/7/30/).
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