Against Celsus 8.5
Summary: Christians rise above the gods of the nations and even the “gods” of Scripture, serving the one Lord Jesus Christ; separating from those outside God's covenants to belong to the heavenly Jerusalem is not sedition.
Greek text · Koetschau 2:224–225
Πολλῶν τοίνυν λεγομένων ἢ ὄντων θεῶν ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ κυρίων, ἡμεῖς πάντα πράττομεν, ἵνʼ οὐ μόνα τὰ προσκυνούμενα ὡς θεοὺς παρὰ τοῖς ἐπὶ γῆς ἔθνεσιν ὑπεραναβῶμεν ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ οὕς φασιν αἱ γραφαὶ θεοὺς, περὶ ὧν οὐδὲν ἴσασιν οἱ „ξένοι τῶν“ διὰ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ ἡμῶν „διαθηκῶν“ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ οἱ ἀλλότριοι τῶν διὰ τούτων δηλουμένων ἐπαγγελιῶν αὐτοῦ. ὑπεραναβαίνει δὲ τὴν παρὰ πᾶσι δαιμονίοις δουλείαν ὁ μηδὲν ἔργον δαιμονίοις φίλον ποιῶν, καὶ ὑπεραναβαίνει τὴν μερίδα τῶν παρὰ Παύλῳ λεγομένων εἶναι θεῶν ὁ σκοπῶν, εἴτε ὡς ἐκεῖνοι εἴθʼ ὅπως ποτὲ ἔχει τὰ πράγματα, οὐ „τὰ βλεπόμενα ἀλλὰ τὰ μὴ βλεπόμενα“· καὶ ὁρῶν τις, τίνα τρόπον καὶ „ἡ τῆς κτίσεως ἀποκαραδοκία τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπεκδέχεται, “ „οὐχ ἑκοῦσα ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι, “ εὐφημῶν τὴν κτίσιν καὶ βλέπων, τίνα τρόπον „ἐλευθερωθήσεται“ πᾶσα „ἀπὸ τῆς δουλείας τῆς φθορᾶς“ καὶ καταντήσεται „εἰς τὴν ἐλευθερίαν τῆς δόξης τῶν τέκνων τοῦ θεοῦ, “ οὐ περισπᾶται πρὸς (τὸ) τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἄλλῳ τινὶ δουλεύειν μετʼ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ πρὸς τὸ „δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν.“ οὐ στάσεως οὖν φωνὴ ἐπὶ τοῖς νοήσασι τὰ τοιαῦτα καὶ μὴ θέλουσι „δουλεύειν“ πλείοσι „κυρίοις, “ διὰ τοῦτο ἀρκουμένοις κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ, παιδεύοντι ὑφʼ ἑαυτῷ τοὺς δουλεύοντας αὐτῷ, ἵνʼ αὐτοὺς πεπαιδευμένους παραδῷ γενομένους „βασιλείαν“ ἀξίαν θεοῦ τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρί. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποσχίζουσι καὶ ἀποῤῥηγνύουσιν ἑαυτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων „τῆς πολιτείας“ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ξένων „τῶν διαθηκῶν“ αὐτοῦ, ἵνα „τὸ ἐν οὐρανοῖς πολίτευμα“ πολιτεύσωνται, προσερχόμενοι θεῷ ζῶντι „καὶ πόλει θεοῦ, Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουρανίῳ, καὶ μυριάσιν ἀγγέλων πανηγύρει καὶ ἐκκλησίᾳ πρωτοτόκων, ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανῷ.“
English · Claude translation
Since, then, there are many so-called or real gods, and likewise lords, we do everything to rise above not only what is worshipped as gods among the nations on earth, but also those whom the Scriptures call gods, of whom those know nothing who are “strangers to the covenants” of God given through Moses and through Jesus our Saviour, and who are aliens from his promises made known through them. He rises above servitude to all demons who does nothing that is pleasing to demons; and he rises above the portion of those who in Paul are said to be gods who looks, whether like them or in whatever way the matter stands, “not at the things that are seen, but at the things that are not seen.” And whoever sees how “the eager longing of the creation awaits the revealing of the sons of God,” subjected “not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope,” and, speaking well of the creation, sees how the whole of it “will be set free from the bondage of corruption” and will attain “to the freedom of the glory of the children of God,” is not distracted into serving anyone else together with God, nor into “serving two masters.” It is not, then, the voice of sedition in those who have understood such things and do not wish to “serve” many “masters,” and for this reason are content with the Lord Jesus Christ, who trains under himself those who serve him, so that, when they have been trained and become a “kingdom” worthy of God, he may hand them over to God the Father. They do indeed separate and break away from those who are aliens to “the commonwealth” of God and strangers “to his covenants,” so that they may live as citizens of “the commonwealth in heaven,” coming to the living God “and to the city of God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to myriads of angels in festal gathering, and to the assembly of the firstborn enrolled in heaven.”
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotations are Eph 2:12, 2 Cor 4:18, Rom 8:19–21, Matt 6:24, 1 Cor 15:24, Phil 3:20, and Heb 12:22–23.
Cite this passage
Origen, Cels. 8.5 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/8/5/).
Plain text
Origen, Cels. 8.5 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/origen-celsum/8/5/).
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