Oration to the Greeks 25
Summary: The Cynics' claim to self-sufficiency is hollow and the schools contradict each other; Christians hold one consistent teaching, and the charge of cannibalism fits the Greek myths, not them.
Greek text · Otto 6:102–104
Τί μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν οἱ παρʼ ὑμῖν ἐργάζονται φιλόσοφοι; Θατέρου γὰρ τῶν ὤμων ἐξαμελοῦσι, κόμην ἐπιειμένοι πολλήν, πωγωνοτροφοῦσιν, ὄνυχας θηρίων περιφέροντες, καὶ λέγοντες μὲν δεῖσθαι μηδενός, κατὰ δὲ τὸν Πρωτέα σκυτοδέψου μὲν χρῄζοντες διὰ τὴν πήραν, ὑφάντου δὲ διὰ τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ διὰ τὸ ξύλον δρυοτόμου, διὰ δὲ τὴν γαστριμαργίαν τῶν πλουτούντων καὶ ὀψοποιοῦ. Ὦ ζηλῶν ἄνθρωπε τὸν κύνα, τὸν θεὸν οὐκ οἶδας καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἄλογον μίμησιν μεταβέβηκας· ὁ δὲ κεκραγὼς δημοσίᾳ μετʼ ἀξιοπιστίας ἔκδικος γίνῃ σαυτοῦ, κἂν μὴ λάβῃς λοιδορεῖς, καὶ γίνεταί σοι τέχνη τοῦ πορίζειν τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν. Τοῖς Πλάτωνος ἕπῃ δόγμασι· καὶ ὁ κατʼ Ἐπίκουρον σοφιστεύων διαπρύσιος ἀνθίσταταί σοι. Πάλιν τε εἶναι θέλεις κατὰ τὸν Ἀριστοτέλην· καί τις κατὰ τὸν Δημόκριτον λοιδορεῖταί σοι. Πυθαγόρας Εὔφορβος γεγενῆσθαί φησιν, καὶ τοῦ Φερεκύδους δόγματος κληρονόμος ἐστίν· ὁ δὲ Ἀριστοτέλης τῆς ψυχῆς διαβάλλει τὴν ἀθανασίαν. Στασιώδεις δὲ ἔχοντες τῶν δογμάτων τὰς διαδοχὰς ἀσύμφωνοι πρὸς τοὺς συμφώνους ἑαυτοῖς διαμάχεσθε. Σῶμά τις εἶναι λέγει θεόν, ἐγὼ δὲ ἀσώματον· ἄλυτον εἶναι τὸν κόσμον, ἐγὼ δὲ λυόμενον· ἐκπύρωσιν ἀποβαίνειν κατὰ καιρούς, ἐγὼ δὲ εἰσάπαξ· κριτὰς εἶναι Μίνω καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν, ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτὸν τὸν θεόν· ἀπαθανατίζεσθαι μόνην τὴν ψυχήν, ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τὸ σὺν αὐτῇ σαρκίον. Τί βλάπτομεν ὑμᾶς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες; Τί δὲ τοὺς λόγῳ θεοῦ κατακολουθοῦντας καθάπερ μιαρωτάτους μεμισήκατε; Παρʼ ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνθρωποφαγία· ψευδομάρτυρες οἱ πεπαιδευμένοι γεγόνατε· παρʼ ὑμῖν δὲ ὁ Πέλοψ δεῖπνον τῶν θεῶν γίνεται, καὶ Ποσειδῶνος ἐρώμενος, καὶ Κρόνος τοὺς υἱοὺς ἀναλίσκει, καὶ ὁ Ζεὺς τὴν Μῆτιν καταπίνει.
English · Claude translation
What great and wonderful thing do your philosophers achieve? They leave one of their shoulders bare, wear their hair long, grow beards, carry the claws of wild beasts about with them, and, while saying they need nothing, they need, like Proteus, a tanner for their wallet, a weaver for their cloak, a woodcutter for their staff, and, because of their gluttony, the rich and a cook. You who emulate the dog, you do not know God, and you have taken to imitating an irrational animal. Shouting in public with an air of authority, you make yourself your own avenger; if you do not get something, you hurl abuse, and philosophy becomes your way of making money. You follow Plato's teachings, and a sophist of Epicurus's school opposes you at the top of his voice. Next you want to be an Aristotelian, and a follower of Democritus abuses you. Pythagoras says he was once Euphorbus, and he is heir to the teaching of Pherecydes; but Aristotle impugns the immortality of the soul. You who have inherited your teachings in factious successions disagree with one another, and you fight against those who are in agreement among themselves. One man says that God is a body; I say he is incorporeal. That the world is indestructible; I say that it will be dissolved. That the conflagration comes at intervals; I say that it comes once for all. That the judges are Minos and Rhadamanthys; I say it is God himself. That the soul alone is made immortal; I say that the flesh with it is too. What harm do we do you, men of Greece? Why do you hate those who follow the word of God as if they were utterly abominable? There is no cannibalism among us; you, the educated, have become false witnesses. It is among you that Pelops becomes a dinner for the gods, though he was Poseidon's beloved, and Cronus devours his sons, and Zeus swallows Metis.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The dress described is that of the Cynic philosophers (“dog-philosophers”). “Proteus” is the Cynic Peregrinus Proteus, who burned himself to death at Olympia in AD 165; the reference helps date the Oration.
- Christians were accused of “Thyestean feasts” (cannibalism) because of rumors about the Eucharist.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (missing rough breathing on initial rho): Μίνω καὶ Ραδάμανθυν → Μίνω καὶ Ῥαδάμανθυν.
Cite this passage
Tatian, Or. Graec. 25 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/25/).
Plain text
Tatian, Or. Graec. 25 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/25/).
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