On the Shows 23

Summary: God cannot be pleased by charioteers, masked actors, cross-dressing pantomimes, boxers, or beast-fighters, who deface his image and counterfeit what he made.

Textual problem in this passage: the printed text is uncertain or disputed here. See the notes.

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Latin text · CSEL 20:23–24

Cum igitur humana recordatio etiam obstrepente gratia uoluptatis damnandos eos censeat ademtis bonis dignitatum in quendam scopulum famositatis, quanto magis diuina iustitia in eiusmodi artifices animaduertit? an deo placebit auriga ille tot animarum inquietator, tot furiarum minister, tot *** status, ut sacerdos coronatus uel coloratus ut leno, quem curru rapiendum diabolus aduersus Elian exornauit? placebit et ille, qui uoltus suos nouacula mutat, infidelis erga faciem suam, quam non contentus Saturno et Isidi et Libero proximam facere insuper contumeliis alaparum sic obicit, tamquam de praecepto domini ludat? docet scilicet et diabolus uerberandam maxillam patienter offerre. sic et tragoedos cothurnis extulit, quia nemo potest adicere cubitum unum ad staturam suam: mendacem facere uult Christum. iam uero ipsum opus personarum quaero an deo placeat, qui omnem similitudinem uetat fieri, quanto magis imaginis suae? non amat falsum auctor ueritatis; adulterium est apud illum omne quod fingitur. proinde uocem sexus aetates mentientem, amores iras gemitus lacrimas asseuerantem non probabit: omnem enim hypocrisin damnat. ceterum cum in lege praescribit maledictum esse qui muliebribus uestietur, quid de pantomimo iudicabit, qui etiam muliebribus curuatur? sane et ille artifex pugnorum impunitus ibit. tales enim cicatrices caestuum et callos pugnorum et aurium fungos a deo cum plasmaretur accepit; ideo illi oculos deus commodauit, ut uapulando deficiant. taceo de illo, qui hominem leoni prae se opponit, ne parum sit homicida quam qui eundem postmodum iugulat.

English · Claude translation

Since, then, human reflection, even with the charm of pleasure clamoring against it, judges that they should be condemned, stripped of the benefits of rank, and cast onto a kind of rock of infamy, how much more does divine justice punish such performers? Will that charioteer please God, the disturber of so many souls, the minister of so many frenzies, of so many …, crowned like a priest or dressed in colors like a pimp, whom the devil has decked out to be carried off in a chariot in rivalry with Elijah? Will that one please him who changes his features with a razor, unfaithful to his own face, which, not content to make it resemble Saturn and Isis and Liber, he moreover exposes to the insults of slaps, as if making sport of the Lord's command? The devil too, of course, teaches us to offer the cheek patiently to be struck! So too he has raised the tragic actors on buskins, because “no one can add one cubit to his stature”: he wants to make Christ a liar. And now I ask whether the very business of masks pleases God, who forbids any likeness to be made, how much more a likeness of his own image? The author of truth does not love what is false; with him everything counterfeited is adultery. So he will not approve a voice that belies sex and age, that feigns loves, angers, groans, and tears; for he condemns all hypocrisy. Moreover, since in the law he pronounces cursed whoever is dressed in women's clothing, what will he judge of the pantomime, who is even bent into women's postures? The artist of the fists, no doubt, will go unpunished! For he received such scars from the cestus, such calluses of the fists, such swollen ears from God when he was fashioned; God lent him eyes for this, that they might be put out by blows! I say nothing of the man who pushes another before him to face the lion, lest he be less a murderer than the one who afterwards cuts the same man's throat.

About this passage

Source
CSEL 20:23–24 · August Reifferscheid and Georg Wissowa, eds., Quinti Septimi Florentis Tertulliani Opera, Pars 1, CSEL 20 (Prague: Tempsky; Vienna: Tempsky; Leipzig: Freytag, 1890), 1–29 · Latin text: August Reifferscheid and Georg Wissowa (CSEL 20), digitized by Open Greek and Latin, University of Leipzig (csel-dev), CC BY-SA 4.0
Text
As printed in CSEL 20. Manuscript variants and the editor's apparatus are not reproduced; the problem in this passage is discussed in the notes.
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-27 · Translated by Claude from the Latin text of CSEL 20; made independently of existing English translations.
Compare
Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3 (1885) (an older public-domain English translation, whole volume at CCEL; checked against ours only after ours was made)
Scripture
Topics
Ethics

Notes

Translation notes

  • The allusions are 2 Kgs 2:11 (Elijah's chariot), Matt 5:39 (turning the cheek), Matt 6:27 (quoted: adding a cubit to one's stature), Exod 20:4 (no likeness), and Deut 22:5 (a man in women's clothing). Several words are lost after tot (marked ***).

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (stray period in the digital text): ne parum. sit → ne parum sit.

Cite this passage

Tertullian, Spect. 23 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-spectaculis/23/).

Plain text
Tertullian, Spect. 23 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-spectaculis/23/).

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