To Autolycus 2.3

Summary: If the gods were born, why are no gods born now? The true God is everywhere and contained by nothing; Zeus had a home on Ida and a tomb in Crete.

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Greek text · Otto 8:48–52

Καὶ τῶν μὲν τότε θεῶν, εἴπερ ἐγεννῶντο, γένεσις πολλὴ ηὑρίσκετο. Τὸ δὲ νῦν ποῦ θεῶν γένεσις δείκνυται; Εἰ γὰρ τότε ἐγέννων καὶ ἐγεννῶντο, δῆλον ὅτι ἐχρῆν καὶ ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο γίνεσθαι θεοὺς γεννητούς· εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἀσθενὲς τὸ τοιοῦτο νοηθήσεται· ἢ γὰρ ἐγήρασαν, διὸ οὐκ ἔτι γεννῶσιν, ἢ ἀπέθανον καὶ οὐκ ἔτι εἰσίν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐγεννῶντο θεοί, ἐχρῆν καὶ ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο γεννᾶσθαι, καθάπερ γὰρ καὶ ἄνθρωποι γεννῶνται· μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πλείονες θεοὶ ὤφειλον εἶναι τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὥς φησιν Σίβυλλα· Εἰ δὲ θεοὶ γεννῶσι καὶ ἀθάνατοί γε μένουσι, Πλείονες ἀνθρώπων γεγεννημένοι οἱ θεοὶ ἦσαν, Οὐδὲ τόπος στῆναι θνητοῖς οὐκ ἄν ποθʼ ὑπῆρξεν. Εἰ γὰρ ἀνθρώπων θνητῶν καὶ ὀλιγοχρονίων ὄντων τὰ γεννώμενα τέκνα ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο δείκνυται, καὶ οὐ πέπαυται τὸ μὴ γεννᾶσθαι ἀνθρώπους, διὸ πληθύουσι πόλεις καὶ κῶμαι, ἔτι μὴν καὶ χῶραι κατοικοῦνται, πῶς οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν θεοὺς τοὺς μὴ ἀποθνήσκοντας κατὰ τοὺς ποιητὰς γεννᾶν καὶ γεννᾶσθαι, καθώς φατε θεῶν γένεσιν γεγενῆσθαι; Πρὸς τί δὲ τότε μὲν τὸ ὄρος τὸ καλούμενον Ὄλυμπος ὑπὸ θεῶν κατῳκεῖτο, νυνὶ δὲ ἔρημον τυγχάνει; Ἢ τίνος εἵνεκεν τότε μὲν ὁ Ζεὺς ἐν τῇ Ἴδῃ κατῴκει (ἐγινώσκετο οἰκῶν ἐκεῖ κατὰ τὸν Ὅμηρον καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ποιητάς), νυνὶ δὲ ἀγνοεῖται; Διὰ τί δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἦν πανταχόσε, ἀλλὰ ἐν μέρει γῆς εὑρίσκετο; Ἢ γὰρ τῶν λοιπῶν ἠμέλει, ἢ ἀδύνατος ἦν τοῦ πανταχόσε εἶναι καὶ τῶν πάντων προνοεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ ἦν, εἰ τύχοι εἰπεῖν, ἐν τόπῳ ἀνατολικῷ, οὐκ ἦν ἐν τόπῳ δυτικῷ· εἰ δὲ αὖ πάλιν ἐν τοῖς δυτικοῖς ἦν, οὐκ ἦν ἐν τοῖς ἀνατολικοῖς, θεοῦ δὲ τοῦ ὑψίστου καὶ παντοκράτορος καὶ τοῦ ὄντως θεοῦ τοῦτό ἐστιν μὴ μόνον τὸ πανταχόσε εἶναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντα ἐφορᾶν καὶ πάντων ἀκούειν, ἔτι μὴν μηδὲ τὸ ἐν τόπῳ χωρεῖσθαι· εἰ δὲ μή γε, μείζων ὁ χωρῶν τόπος αὐτοῦ εὑρεθήσεται· μεῖζον γάρ ἐστιν τὸ χωροῦν τοῦ χωρουμένου· θεὸς γὰρ οὐ χωρεῖται, ἀλλὰ αὐτός ἐστι τόπος τῶν ὅλων. Πρὸς τί δὲ καὶ καταλέλοιπεν ὁ Ζεὺς τὴν Ἴδην· πότερον τελευτήσας, ἢ οὐκ ἔτι ἤρεσεν αὐτῷ ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὄρος; Ποῦ δὲ καὶ ἐπορεύθη; Εἰς οὐρανούς; Οὐχί. Ἀλλὰ ἐρεῖς εἰς Κρήτην; Ναί· ὅπου καὶ τάφος αὐτῷ ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο δείκνυται. Πάλιν φήσεις εἰς Πεῖσαν, ὁ κλέων ἕως τοῦ δεῦρο τὰς χεῖρας Φειδίου. Ἔλθωμεν τοίνυν ἐπὶ τὰ συγγράμματα τῶν φιλοσόφων καὶ ποιητῶν.

English · Claude translation

Of the gods of those days, if indeed they were born, many births were recorded. But now, where is any birth of gods shown? If they begot and were begotten then, clearly gods ought to be born up to the present day; if not, the whole idea will seem feeble: either they have grown old and so no longer beget, or they have died and exist no longer. For if gods were born, they ought to go on being born to this day, just as human beings are; indeed there ought to be more gods than human beings, as the Sibyl says: “If gods beget and yet remain immortal, the gods born would outnumber men, and there would never be room for mortals to stand.” The children of human beings, who are mortal and short-lived, are to be seen to this day, and human beings have not ceased to be born, so that cities and villages are full and even the countryside is inhabited. How much more, then, ought gods, who according to the poets do not die, to beget and be begotten, since you say the gods had a birth? And why was the mountain called Olympus inhabited by gods then, but deserted now? Or why did Zeus once live on Ida (he was known to live there according to Homer and the other poets), while now no one knows of him there? And why was he not everywhere, instead of being found in one part of the earth? Either he neglected the rest, or he was unable to be everywhere and provide for all. If he was, say, in the east, he was not in the west; and if he was in the west, he was not in the east. But it belongs to the Most High and Almighty God, the true God, not only to be everywhere, but also to see all things and hear all things, and not to be contained in a place; otherwise the place containing him would turn out to be greater than he, since what contains is greater than what is contained. For God is not contained; he himself is the place of all things. And why did Zeus leave Ida? Did he die, or did the mountain no longer please him? And where did he go? To heaven? No. You will say, to Crete? Yes, where his tomb is shown to this day. Or you will say, to Pisa, which to this day glories in the handiwork of Phidias. Let us come, then, to the writings of the philosophers and poets.

About this passage

Source
Otto 8:48–52 · Johann Carl Theodor Otto, ed., Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres, Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8 (Jena: Mauke, 1861) · Greek text: J. C. T. Otto, Theophili episcopi Antiocheni ad Autolycum libri tres (Corpus apologetarum Christianorum saeculi secundi 8, 1861), digitized by the Perseus Digital Library and published by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Otto (1861); made independently of existing English translations.
Scripture
Extrabiblical texts
  • Sib. Or. (Sibylline Oracles) · quotation, high confidence

Notes

Translation notes

  • The Sibyl's lines are from the Sibylline fragments preserved by Theophilus (fragment 2).
  • “He himself is the place of all things” is a phrase also found in Philo.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (missing accent): τὸ τοιοῦτο νοηθησεται → τὸ τοιοῦτο νοηθήσεται.

Cite this passage

Theophilus, Autol. 2.3 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/3/).

Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 2.3 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/3/).

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