On the Resurrection of the Dead 16
Authorship disputed: The Arethas codex ascribes it to Athenagoras, and the end of the Plea (ch. 36) promises a treatment of the resurrection. Some scholars (notably R. M. Grant, 1954) have argued that its style and arguments point to a later author of the third or fourth century; others (e.g. B. Pouderon) defend Athenagoras's authorship.
Summary: Human continuance is uneven, interrupted by sleep and by death; as waking life after sleep is the same life, so is the life after death and resurrection.
Greek text · Otto 7:250–254
Ξενιζέσθω δὲ μηδεὶς εἰ τὴν θανάτῳ καὶ φθορᾷ διακοπτομένην ζωὴν ὀνομάζομεν διαμονήν, λογιζόμενος ὡς οὐχ εἷς τοῦ προσρήματος ὁ λόγος, οὐχ ἓν τῆς διαμονῆς τὸ μέτρον, ὅτι μηδὲ τῶν διαμενόντων φύσις μία. Εἴπερ γὰρ κατὰ τὴν οἰκείαν φύσιν ἕκαστον τῶν διαμενόντων ἔχει τὴν διαμονήν, οὔτʼ ἐπὶ τῶν καθαρῶς ἀφθάρτων καὶ ἀθανάτων εὕροι τις ἂν ἰσάζουσαν τὴν διαμονήν, τῷ μηδὲ τὰς οὐσίας τῶν κρειττόνων συνεξισοῦσθαι ταῖς καθʼ ὑπόβασιν διαφερούσαις, οὔτʼ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὴν ὁμαλὴν ἐκείνην τὴν ἀμετάβλητον ἐπιζητεῖν ἄξιον, ἅτε δὴ τῶν μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς γενομένων ἀθανάτων καὶ διαμενόντων μόνῃ τῇ γνώμῃ τοῦ ποιήσαντος ἀτελευτήτως, τῶν δὲ ἀνθρώπων κατὰ μὲν τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ γενέσεως ἐχόντων τὴν ἀμετάβλητον διαμονήν, κατὰ δὲ τὸ σῶμα προσλαμβανόντων ἐκ μεταβολῆς τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν· ὅπερ ὁ τῆς ἀναστάσεως λόγος βούλεται· πρὸς ἣν ἀποβλέποντες, τήν τε διάλυσιν τοῦ σώματος, ὡς ἑπομένην τῇ μετʼ ἐνδείας καὶ φθορᾶς ζωῇ, περιμένομεν, καὶ μετὰ ταύτην τὴν μετʼ ἀφθαρσίας ἐλπίζομεν διαμονήν, οὔτε τῇ τῶν ἀλόγων τελευτῇ συνεξισοῦντες τὴν ἡμετέραν τελευτήν, οὔτε τῇ τῶν ἀθανάτων διαμονῇ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων διαμονήν, ἵνα μὴ λάθωμεν ταύτῃ συνεξισοῦντες καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φύσιν καὶ ζωὴν οἷς μὴ προσῆκεν. Οὐ τοίνυν ἐπὶ τούτῳ δυσχεραίνειν ἄξιον, εἴ τις ἀνωμαλία θεωρεῖται περὶ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων διαμονήν, οὐδʼ ἐπειδὴ χωρισμὸς ψυχῆς ἀπὸ τῶν τοῦ σώματος μερῶν καὶ μορίων διάλυσις τὴν συνεχῆ διακόπτει ζωήν, διὰ τοῦτʼ ἀπογινώσκειν χρὴ τὴν ἀνάστασιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπειδὴ τὴν κατὰ συναίσθησιν ζωὴν διακόπτειν δοκοῦσιν αἱ κατὰ τὸν ὕπνον φυσικῶς ἐγγινόμεναι παρέσεις τῶν αἰσθήσεων καὶ τῶν φυσικῶν δυνάμεων, ἰσομέτροις χρόνου διαστήμασιν ὑπνούντων τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τρόπον τινὰ πάλιν ἀναβιωσκόντων, τὴν αὐτὴν παραιτούμεθα ζωὴν λέγειν· παρʼ ἣν αἰτίαν, οἶμαι, τινὲς ἀδελφὸν τοῦ θανάτου τὸν ὕπνον ὀνομάζουσιν, οὐχ ὡς ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν προγόνων ἢ πατέρων φύντας γενεαλογοῦντες, ἀλλʼ ὡς τῶν ὁμοίων παθῶν τοῖς τε θανοῦσι καὶ τοῖς ὑπνοῦσιν ἐγγινομένων, ἕνεκά γε τῆς ἠρεμίας καὶ τοῦ μηδενὸς ἐπαισθάνεσθαι τῶν παρόντων ἢ γινομένων, μᾶλλον δὲ μηδὲ τοῦ εἶναι καὶ τῆς ἰδίας ζωῆς. Εἴπερ οὖν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ζωὴν τοσαύτης γέμουσαν ἀνωμαλίας ἀπὸ γενέσεως μέχρι διαλύσεως, καὶ διακοπτομένην πᾶσιν οἷς προείπομεν, οὐ παραιτούμεθα τὴν αὐτὴν λέγειν ζωήν, οὐδὲ τὴν ἐπέκεινα τῆς διαλύσεως ζωήν, ἥτις ἑαυτῇ συνεισάγει τὴν ἀνάστασιν, ἀπογινώσκειν ὀφείλομεν, κἂν ἐπὶ ποσὸν διακόπτηται τῷ χωρισμῷ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος.
English · Claude translation
Let no one be surprised that we call “continuance” a life interrupted by death and corruption. He should consider that the word does not have a single meaning, nor does continuance have a single measure, since the things that continue do not have a single nature either. If each thing that continues has its continuance according to its own nature, then one would not find equal continuance even among beings that are purely incorruptible and immortal, since the substances of the higher beings are not on a level with those that differ from them by descending degrees; nor is it right to look for that uniform and unchangeable continuance among human beings. The immortal beings were made immortal from the beginning and continue without end by the will of their Maker alone; human beings have unchangeable continuance from their creation in respect of the soul, but in respect of the body they receive incorruption through change. This is what the doctrine of the resurrection means. With our eyes on it, we await the dissolution of the body, which follows upon a life of want and corruption, and after it we hope for continuance in incorruption. We neither put our death on a level with the death of irrational creatures, nor the continuance of human beings on a level with that of immortal beings, lest we unwittingly put human nature and life on a level with beings to whom they do not belong. It is not right, then, to be troubled if some unevenness is seen in the continuance of human beings; nor, because the separation of the soul and the dissolution of the parts and particles of the body interrupt a continuous life, should one despair of the resurrection. In sleep, too, the natural slackening of the senses and natural powers seems to interrupt conscious life, as people sleep at equal intervals of time and in a way come back to life; yet we do not refuse to call it the same life. For this reason, I think, some call sleep the brother of death: not tracing them to the same ancestors or fathers, but because the same states come upon the dead and the sleeping, in their rest and in perceiving nothing of what is present or happening, or rather not even their own existence and life. If, then, we do not refuse to call the life of human beings the same life, though it is full of such unevenness from birth to dissolution and interrupted by all that we have mentioned, neither should we despair of the life beyond dissolution, which brings the resurrection with it, even if it is interrupted for a time by the separation of the soul from the body.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- “Sleep the brother of death” echoes Homer (Iliad 16.672; cf. Leg. 12).
Cite this passage
Athenagoras, Res. 16 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/16/).
Plain text
Athenagoras, Res. 16 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/athenagoras-resurrection/16/).
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