The Instructor 2.3.39
Summary: Wealth ill-used is vice's citadel and love of money the root of all evils; luxury extends even to golden chamber pots. True wealth is freedom from desire, and wisdom is bought only with the Word.
Greek text · Stählin 1:180–181
τὸ δὲ ὅλον ὁ πλοῦτος οὐκ ὀρθῶς κυβερνώμενος ἀκρόπολίς ἐστι κακίας, περὶ ὃν ὀφθαλμιῶντες οἱ πολλοὶ οὐκ ἄν ποτε εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν παρεισέλθοιεν τῶν οὐρανῶν, νοσοῦντες μὲν περὶ τὰ κοσμικά, ὑπερηφάνως δὲ ζῶντες διὰ τὰς τρυφάς. χρὴ δὲ προειληφέναι τοὺς ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ σπεύδοντας ὡς ἄρα χρήσεως μὲν ἕνεκεν ἡ πᾶσα ἡμῖν κτίσις, αὐταρκείας δὲ χάριν ἡ κτῆσις, ἣν καὶ ἐξ ὀλίγων ἄν τις περιποιήσαιτο. μάταιοι γὰρ οἱ διʼ ἀπληστίαν ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς χαίροντες κειμηλίοις· »ὁ δὲ συνάγων τοὺς μισθούς«, φησίν, »συνήγαγεν εἰς δεσμὸν τετρυπημένον.« οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ συνάγων καὶ ἀποκλείων τὸν σπόρον καὶ ἐλαττούμενος, ὁ μηδενὶ μεταδιδούς. χλεύη δὲ καὶ γέλως πλατὺς οὐροδόχας ἀργυρᾶς καὶ ἀμίδας ὑελᾶς ἐπιφέρεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας, καθάπερ ἐπάγονται τοὺς συμβούλους τοὺς ἑαυτῶν, καὶ τὰς πλουτούσας ταύτας ἀλόγως γυναῖκας χρυσοῦ ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἐκκρίσεων τὰ ἐκδοχεῖα, ὡς μηδὲ ἀποτρίψασθαι ἐξὸν ταῖς πλουσίας μὴ τετυφωμένως· ηὐξάμην δʼ ἂν αὐτοῖς παρʼ ὅλον τὸν βίον σκυβάλων ἄξιον κρίνεσθαι τὸ χρυσίον. νυνὶ δὲ ἡ ἀκρόπολις τῆς κακίας ἡ φιλαργυρία εὕρηται, ἣν ὁ ἀπόστολος ῥίζαν ἁπάντων εἶναι τῶν κακῶν φησίν, »ἧς τινες ὀρεγόμενοι ἀπεπλανήθησαν τῆς πίστεως καὶ ἑαυτοὺς περιέπειραν ὀδύναις πολλαῖς«. πλοῦτος δὲ ἄριστος ἡ τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν πενία καὶ ἡ μεγαλοφροσύνη ἡ ἀληθής, οὐ τὸ ἐπὶ πλούτῳ μεγαλοφρονεῖν, τούτου δὲ καταφρονεῖν· τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς σκεύεσι μεγαλαυχεῖν αἰσχρὸν κομιδῇ· οὐ γὰρ σπουδάζειν ἔτι περὶ τούτων πάνυ δίκαιον, ἃ καὶ ἐξ ἀγορᾶς τῷ βουλομένῳ ἔξεστιν ὠνήσασθαι, σοφία δὲ οὐκ ὠνητὴ νομίσματι γηΐνῳ οὐδʼ ἐν ἀγορᾷ, ἀλλʼ ἐν οὐρανῷ πιπράσκεται καὶ πιπράσκεται νομίσματι δικαίῳ, τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ, τῷ βασιλικῷ χρυσίῳ.
English · Claude translation
In general, wealth that is not rightly steered is a citadel of vice; eyeing it covetously, the many would never enter the kingdom of heaven, sick as they are about worldly things and living arrogantly because of their luxuries. Those who hasten to salvation must understand beforehand that all creation is ours for use, and possession for the sake of self-sufficiency, which one could obtain even from a few things. Vain are those who, from insatiability, rejoice in their treasures: “He who gathers wages,” it says, “has gathered into a bag with holes.” This is the one who gathers and shuts up the grain and becomes poorer, who shares with no one. It is a mockery and a broad laugh that men should have silver urinals and glass chamber pots brought to them, as they bring in their counselors, and that these foolishly rich women should make the receptacles of their excrement of gold, so that, being rich, they cannot even relieve themselves without pretension. I would have wished that throughout their whole life they judged gold worthy of dung. As it is, love of money has been found to be the citadel of vice, which the apostle says is the root of all evils, “by craving which some have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many sorrows.” The best wealth is poverty of desires, and true greatness of mind is not to be proud of wealth but to despise it. To boast of vessels is quite shameful; for it is not right to be eager any longer about things anyone who wishes can buy in the market. But wisdom is not bought with earthly coin nor in the market; it is sold in heaven, and sold for true coin, the incorruptible Word, the royal gold.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotations and allusions are Matt 19:23–24, Hag 1:6, Phil 3:8 (“dung”), and 1 Tim 6:10; “sold in heaven” echoes Rev 3:18 and Matt 13:45–46.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (accent: grave on the relative ἣν; accent: grave on the relative ὃν): περὶ ὅν ὀφθαλμιῶντες → περὶ ὃν ὀφθαλμιῶντες; ἥν καὶ ἐξ ὀλίγων → ἣν καὶ ἐξ ὀλίγων.
Cite this passage
Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 2.3.39 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-paedagogus/2/3/39/).
Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 2.3.39 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-paedagogus/2/3/39/).
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