Exhortation to the Greeks 3.43

Summary: Human sacrifice is murder; human beings like Solon and Cyrus were better than Apollo, whose oracle led Croesus to the pyre.

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Greek text · Stählin 1:32–33

ἱερῷ δῆθεν χωρίῳ μᾶλλον ἢ ὀργῇ καὶ φιλαργυρίᾳ, ἄλλοις ὁμοίοις δαίμοσιν, ἐπὶ βωμοῖς ἢ ἐν ὁδοῖς ἀποσφάττοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, [ἱερὸν] ἱερεῖον ἐπιφημίσας, ἀλλὰ φόνος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀνδροκτασία ἡ τοιαύτη θυσία. τί δὴ οὖν, ὦ σοφώτατοι τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων ἄνθρωποι, τὰ μὲν θηρία περιφεύγομεν τὰ ἀνήμερα, κἄν που περιτύχωμεν ἄρκῳ ἢ λέοντι, ἐκτρεπόμεθα, ὡς δʼ ὅτε τίς τε δράκοντα ἰδὼν παλίνορσος ἀπέστη οὔρεος ἐν βήσσῃς, ὑπό τε τρόμος ἔλλαβε γυῖα, ἄψ τʼ ἀνεχώρησεν· δαίμονας δὲ ὀλεθρίους καὶ ἀλιτηρίους ἐπιβούλους τε καὶ μισανθρώπους καὶ λυμεῶνας ὄντας προαισθόμενοι καὶ συνιέντες οὐκ ἐκτρέπεσθε οὐδὲ ἀποστρέφεσθε; τί δʼ ἂν καὶ ἀληθεύσαιεν οἱ κακοί, ἢ τίνα ἂν ὠφελήσαιεν; αὐτίκα γοῦν ἔχω σοι βελτίονα τῶν ὑμεδαπῶν τούτων θεῶν, τῶν δαιμόνων, ἐπιδεῖξαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον, τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ μαντικοῦ τὸν Κῦρον καὶ τὸν Σόλωνα. φιλόδωρος ὑμῶν ὁ Φοῖβος, ἀλλʼ οὐ φιλάνθρωπος. προὔδωκε τὸν Κροῖσον τὸν φίλον καὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ ἐκλαθόμενος (οὕτω φιλόδοξος ἦν) ἀνήγαγε τὸν Κροῖσον διὰ τοῦ Ἅλυος ἐπὶ τὴν πυράν. οὕτω φιλοῦντες οἱ δαίμονες ὁδηγοῦσιν εἰς τὸ πῦρ. ἀλλʼ, ὦ φιλανθρωπότερε καὶ ἀληθέστερε τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος ἄνθρωπε, τὸν ἐπὶ τῆς πυρᾶς οἴκτειρον δεδεμένον, καὶ σὺ μέν, ὦ Σόλων, μάντευσαι τὴν ἀλήθειαν, σὺ δέ, ὦ Κῦρε, κέλευσον ἀποσβεσθῆναι τὴν πυράν. σωφρόνησον ὕστατον γοῦν, ὦ Κροῖσε, τῷ πάθει μεταμαθών· ἀχάριστός ἐστιν ὃν προσκυνεῖς, λαμβάνει τὸν μισθὸν καὶ μετὰ τὸ χρυσίον ψεύδεται πάλιν. τέλος ἄρα οὐχ ὁ δαίμων, ἀλλὰ ὁ ἄνθρωπός σοι λέγει. οὐ λοξὰ μαντεύεται Σόλων· τοῦτον εὑρήσεις ἀληθῆ μόνον, ὦ βάρβαρε, τὸν χρησμόν· τοῦτον ἐπὶ τῆς πυρᾶς δοκιμάσεις.

English · Claude translation

… supposedly sacred place, rather than to anger and love of money, other daemons like them, on altars or in the streets, calling it a sacred victim; such a sacrifice is murder and manslaughter. Why then, you humans, wisest of the animals, do we flee from savage beasts, and turn aside if we happen to meet a bear or a lion, “as when a man sees a serpent in the mountain glens and starts back, and trembling seizes his limbs, and he retreats,” and yet, though you perceive and understand that daemons are destructive and accursed, plotters, haters of humankind, and ravagers, you do not turn aside or turn away from them? What truth could the wicked speak, or whom could they help? Here and now I can show you that a human being is better than these gods of yours, the daemons: that Cyrus and Solon are better than Apollo the prophet. Your Phoebus loves gifts, but does not love human beings. He betrayed his friend Croesus and, forgetting the payment (so fond of glory was he), led Croesus across the Halys to the pyre. So do the daemons lead to the fire those they love! But you, O man, more humane and more truthful than Apollo, pity the one bound on the pyre; and you, Solon, prophesy the truth; and you, Cyrus, order the pyre to be put out. Be wise at last, at least, Croesus, having learned by suffering: the one you worship is ungrateful; he takes the payment, and after the gold he lies again. It is not the daemon but the man who says to you, “Consider the end.” Solon does not prophesy crooked oracles; this is the only oracle, barbarian, that you will find true; you will prove it on the pyre.

About this passage

Source
Stählin 1:32–33 · Otto Stählin, ed., Clemens Alexandrinus, vol. 1, Protrepticus und Paedagogus, GCS 12 (Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1905) · Greek text: Otto Stählin, Clemens Alexandrinus 1: Protrepticus und Paedagogus (GCS 12, 1905), digitized by the First Thousand Years of Greek project (Open Greek and Latin), CC BY-SA 4.0
Translation
Claude translation (claude-opus-5-5), 2026-09-26 · Translated by Claude from the Greek text of Stählin (1905); made independently of existing English translations.
Extrabiblical texts
  • Homer, Il. 3.33–35 (Homer, Iliad) · quotation, high confidence
  • Herodotus, Hist. 1.86 (Herodotus, Histories) · allusion, high confidence

Notes

Translation notes

  • The simile is Homer, Iliad 3.33–35. Solon's advice to Croesus, “consider the end” (of a life before calling it happy), is in Herodotus 1.32, 1.86; Apollo's ambiguous oracle about the Halys in Herodotus 1.53.

Notes on the original text

  • Digital text corrected (accent: οὖν; word divided in the digital text): τί δὴ οὐν → τί δὴ οὖν; οὐκ ἐκ τρέπεσθε → οὐκ ἐκτρέπεσθε.

Cite this passage

Clement of Alexandria, Protr. 3.43 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-protrepticus/3/43/).

Plain text
Clement of Alexandria, Protr. 3.43 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/clement-protrepticus/3/43/).

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