Oration to the Greeks 4
Summary: Christians obey rulers and pay taxes but fear God alone, who is spirit, without beginning, known through creation, and in need of nothing.
Greek text · Otto 6:18–20
Διὰ τί γάρ, ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες, ὥσπερ ἐν πυγμῇ συγκρούειν βούλεσθε τὰς πολιτείας καθʼ ἡμῶν; Καὶ εἰ μὴ τοῖς τινῶν νομίμοις συγχρῆσθαι βούλομαι, τίνος χάριν καθάπερ μιαρώτατος μεμίσημαι; Προστάττει φόρους τελεῖν ὁ βασιλεύς; Ἕτοιμος παρέχειν. Δουλεύειν ὁ δεσπότης καὶ ὑπηρετεῖν; Τὴν δουλείαν γινώσκων. Τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ἀνθρωπίνως τιμητέον, φοβητέον δὲ μόνον τὸν θεόν· ὅστις ἀνθρωπίνοις οὐκ ἔστιν ὁρατὸς ὀφθαλμοῖς, οὐ τέχνῃ περιληπτός. Τοῦτον μόνον ἀρνεῖσθαι κελευόμενος οὐ πεισθήσομαι, τεθνήξομαι δὲ μᾶλλον, ἵνα μὴ ψεύστης καὶ ἀχάριστος ἀποδειχθῶ. Θεὸς ὁ καθʼ ἡμᾶς οὐκ ἔχει σύστασιν ἐν χρόνῳ, μόνος ἄναρχος ὢν καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπάρχων τῶν ὅλων ἀρχή. Πνεῦμα ὁ θεός, οὐ διήκων διὰ τῆς ὕλης, πνευμάτων δὲ ὑλικῶν καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ σχημάτων κατασκευαστής· ἀόρατός τε καὶ ἀναφής, αἰσθητῶν καὶ ἀοράτων αὐτὸς γεγονὼς πατήρ. Τοῦτον διὰ τῆς ποιήσεως αὐτοῦ ἴσμεν, καὶ τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀόρατον τοῖς ποιήμασι καταλαμβανόμεθα. Δημιουργίαν τὴν ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γεγενημένην χάριν ἡμῶν προσκυνεῖν οὐ θέλω. Γέγονεν ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη διʼ ἡμᾶς· εἶτα πῶς τοὺς ἐμοὺς ὑπηρέτας προσκυνήσω; Πῶς δὲ ξύλα καὶ λίθους θεοὺς ἀποφανοῦμαι; Πνεῦμα γὰρ τὸ διὰ τῆς ὕλης διῆκον ἔλαττον ὑπάρχει τοῦ θειοτέρου πνεύματος· ὅπερ δὲ ψυχῇ παρωμοιωμένον οὐ τιμητέον ἐπʼ ἴσης τῷ τελείῳ θεῷ. Ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ τὸν ἀνωνόμαστον θεὸν δωροδοκητέον· ὁ γὰρ πάντων ἀνενδεὴς οὐ διαβλητέος ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ὡς ἐνδεής. Φανερώτερον δὲ ἐκθήσομαι τὰ ἡμέτερα.
English · Claude translation
Why, men of Greece, do you want to set the governing powers against us, as in a boxing match? And if I do not wish to follow the customs of certain people, why am I hated as though I were utterly abominable? Does the emperor order the payment of taxes? I am ready to pay them. Does my master order me to serve and to wait on him? I acknowledge my servitude. A human being is to be honored in a human way; but God alone is to be feared, who is not visible to human eyes and cannot be grasped by art. Only if I am commanded to deny him will I not obey; I will die rather, so as not to be shown a liar and ungrateful. Our God did not come into being in time: he alone is without beginning, and he himself is the beginning of all things. God is spirit, not pervading matter but the maker of the material spirits and of the forms in matter; he is invisible and impalpable, himself the Father of things perceptible and invisible. We know him through his creation, and we apprehend the invisible nature of his power through the things he has made. I will not worship the creation that he made for our sake. The sun and moon came into being for us; how then shall I worship my own servants? And how shall I declare wood and stones to be gods? For the spirit that pervades matter is lesser than the more divine spirit, and since it is comparable to a soul, it is not to be honored equally with the perfect God. Nor is the nameless God to be bribed with gifts; for he who needs nothing must not be slandered by us as needy. But I will set out our teaching more clearly.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- “The spirit that pervades matter” is the Stoic world-spirit (πνεῦμα διῆκον), which Tatian ranks below God; he develops his own doctrine of two spirits in ch. 12–13.
- “Does my master order me to serve?” may suggest that there were slaves among the Christians, or may be simply rhetorical.
Cite this passage
Tatian, Or. Graec. 4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/4/).
Plain text
Tatian, Or. Graec. 4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tatian-oration/4/).
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