To Scapula 4
Summary: Tertullian urges Scapula not to fight against God, citing lenient governors, Christian healings of pagans, the favor of Severus, the rain miracle under Marcus Aurelius, and the blameless life of Christians.
Latin text · Oehler 1:546–549
Non te terremus, qui nec timemus, sed velim, ut omnes salvos facere possimus monendo μὴ θεομαχεῖν. Potes et officio iurisdictionis tuae fungi et humanitatis meminisse, vel quia et vos sub gladio estis. Quid enim amplius tibi mandatur quam nocentes confessos damnare, negantes autem ad tormenta revocare? Videtis ergo, quomodo ipsi vos contra mandata faciatis, ut confessos negare cogatis. Adeo confitemini innocentes esse nos, quos damnare statim ex confessione non vultis. Si autem contenditis ad elidendos nos, iam ergo innocentiam expugnatis. Quanti autem praesides et constantiores et crudeliores dissimulaverunt ab huiusmodi causis? ut Cincius Severus, qui Thysdri ipse dedit remedium, quomodo responderent Christiani, ut dimitti possent: ut Vespronius Candidus, qui Christianum quasi tumultuosum civibus suis satisfacere dimisit: ut Asper, qui modice vexatum hominem et statim deiectum nec sacrificium compulit facere, ante professus inter advocatos et adsessores dolere se incidisse in hanc causam. Pudens etiam missum ad se Christianum in elogio concussione eius intellecta dimisit, scisso eodem elogio, sine accusatore negans se auditurum hominem secundum mandatum. Haec omnia tibi et de officio suggeri possunt et ab eisdem advocatis, qui et ipsi beneficia habent Christianorum, licet acclament quae volunt. Nam et cuiusdam notarius, cum a daemone praecipitaretur, liberatus est, et quorundam propinquus et puerulus, et quanti honesti viri (de vulgaribus enim non dicimus) aut a daemoniis aut valetudinibus remediati sunt? Ipse etiam Severus, pater Antonini, Christianorum memor fuit. Nam et Proculum Christianum, qui Torpacion cognominabatur, Euhodiae procuratorem, qui eum per oleum aliquando curaverat, requisivit et in palatio suo habuit usque ad mortem eius; quem et Antoninus optime noverat lacte Christiano educatus. Sed et clarissimas feminas et clarissimos viros Severus, sciens huius sectae esse, non modo non laesit, verum et testimonio exornavit et populo furenti in nos palam restitit. Marcus quoque Aurelius in Germanica expeditione Christianorum militum orationibus ad deum factis imbres in siti illa impetravit. Quando non geniculationibus et ieiunationibus nostris etiam siccitates sunt depulsae? Tunc et populus adclamans deo deorum, qui solus potens, in Iovis nomine deo nostro testimonium reddidit. Praeter haec depositum non abnegamus, matrimonium nullius adulteramus, pupillos pie tractamus, indigentibus refrigeramus, nulli malum pro malo reddimus. Viderint qui sectam mentiuntur, quos et ipsi recusamus. Quis denique de nobis alio nomine queritur? Quod aliud negotium patitur Christianus, nisi suae sectae, quam incestam, quam crudelem tanto tempore nemo probavit? Pro tanta innocentia, pro tanta probitate, pro iustitia, pro pudicitia, pro fide, pro veritate, pro deo vivo cremamur, quod nec sacrilegi nec hostes publici veri nec tot maiestatis rei pati solent. Nam et nunc a praeside Legionis et a praeside Mauritaniae vexatur hoc nomen, sed gladio tenus, sicut et a primordio mandatum est animadverti in huiusmodi. Sed maiora certamina, maiora praemia.
English · Claude translation
We do not frighten you, we who do not fear; but I should like us to be able to save all by warning them “not to fight against God.” You can both perform the duties of your jurisdiction and remember humanity, if only because you too are under the sword. For what more are you commanded than to condemn the guilty who confess, and to recall to torture those who deny? You see, then, how you yourselves act against your instructions, forcing those who confess to deny. So you admit that we are innocent, since you are unwilling to condemn us at once on our confession. But if you strive to crush us, then you are fighting against innocence. And how many governors, both more resolute and more cruel, have turned a blind eye to cases of this kind! Like Cincius Severus, who at Thysdrus himself supplied the remedy, how Christians should answer so that they could be released; like Vespronius Candidus, who dismissed a Christian as a mere disturber, to satisfy his fellow citizens; like Asper, who, when a man had been tortured a little and at once gave way, did not compel him even to sacrifice, having declared beforehand among his advocates and assessors that he was sorry to have fallen in with this case. Pudens too dismissed a Christian sent to him, perceiving extortion in the charge sheet; he tore up that charge sheet, saying that according to his instructions he would not hear a man without an accuser. All these things can be suggested to you both from your office and by those same advocates, who themselves have received benefits from Christians, though they shout what they please. For the secretary of one of them, when he was being thrown down by a demon, was set free; so were a relative of some others and a little boy. And how many men of rank (for we do not speak of ordinary people) have been cured either of demons or of illnesses! Even Severus himself, the father of Antoninus, was mindful of the Christians. For he sought out the Christian Proculus, surnamed Torpacion, the steward of Euhodus, who had once cured him with oil, and kept him in his palace until his death; Antoninus, too, reared on Christian milk, knew him very well. And Severus, knowing that most distinguished women and most distinguished men belonged to this sect, not only did not harm them but honored them with his testimony, and openly resisted the people raging against us. Marcus Aurelius too, in the German campaign, obtained rains in that drought by the prayers offered to God by Christian soldiers. When have droughts not been driven away by our kneelings and fastings? Then the people too, shouting “To the God of gods, who alone is mighty,” bore witness to our God under the name of Jupiter. Besides this, we do not deny a deposit, we violate no one's marriage, we treat orphans dutifully, we give relief to the needy, we repay no one evil for evil. Let those see to it who falsely claim the sect, whom we ourselves disown. In short, who complains of us on any other ground? What other charge does a Christian suffer except that of his own sect, which no one in all this time has proved incestuous or cruel? For such innocence, such uprightness, for justice, for chastity, for faith, for truth, for the living God we are burned, which neither the sacrilegious nor real public enemies nor so many guilty of treason usually suffer. For even now this name is harassed by the governor of Legio and the governor of Mauretania, but only as far as the sword, as it was commanded from the beginning that such cases be punished. But the greater the contests, the greater the rewards.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- “Not to fight against God” (μὴ θεομαχεῖν) echoes Acts 5:39. “Antoninus” is Caracalla. The “rain miracle” of Marcus Aurelius's campaign against the Quadi (ca. 172–174) is also told in Apol. 5. The Latin text has several damaged words, restored here (e.g. “deo deorum” for “duo deorum”, “Iovis” for “Ievis”). “Repay no one evil for evil” is Rom 12:17 (cf. 1 Thess 5:15). Where Christians are said to violate no marriage, adulteramus (adultery) is meant.
Notes on the original text
- Digital text corrected (OCR slip; OCR slips; dropped letter in the digital text; uncertain character marked in the digital text; uncertain characters marked in the digital text): aine accusatore → sine accusatore; par oleum → per oleum; Anto(??)s → Antoninus; clarissimes viros → clarissimos viros; pala(??) → palam; Gemanica → Germanica; fectis → factis; impetrarit Quande → impetravit. Quando; duo deorum → deo deorum; Ievis → Iovis; deo nostre → deo nostro; pupilles → pupillos; pro male → pro malo.
Cite this passage
Tertullian, Scap. 4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-scapulam/4/).
Plain text
Tertullian, Scap. 4 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/tertullian-scapulam/4/).
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