To Autolycus 2.37
Summary: The Greek poets themselves bear witness that wrongdoers will be punished and that God sees all things.
Greek text · Otto 8:174–182
Ἤδη δὲ καὶ τῶν ποιητῶν τινες ὡσπερεὶ λόγια ἑαυτοῖς ἐξεῖπον ταῦτα καὶ εἰς μαρτύριον τοῖς τὰ ἄδικα πράσσουσιν, λέγοντες ὅτι μέλλουσιν κολάζεσθαι. Αἰσχύλος ἔφη· Δράσαντι γάρ τοι καὶ παθεῖν ὀφείλεται. Πίνδαρος δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔφη Ἐπεὶ Ῥέζοντά τι καὶ παθεῖν ἔοικεν. Ὡσαύτως καὶ Εὐριπίδης· Ἀνάσχου πάσχων· δρῶν γὰρ ἔχαιρες. Νόμου τὸν ἐχθρὸν δρᾶν, ὅπου λάβῃς, κακῶς. Καὶ πάλιν ὁ αὐτός· Ἐχθροὺς κακῶς δρᾶν ἀνδρὸς ἡγοῦμαι μέρος. Ὁμοίως καὶ Ἀρχίλοχος· Ἓν δʼ ἐπίσταμαι μέγα, Τὸν κακῶς [τι] δρῶντα δεινοῖς ἀνταμείβεσθαι κακοῖς. Καὶ ὅτι ὁ θεὸς τὰ πάντα ἐφορᾷ καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτὸν λανθάνει, μακρόθυμος δὲ ὢν ἀνέχεται ἕως οὗ μέλλει κρίνειν, καὶ περὶ τούτου Διονύσιος εἴρηκεν· Ὁ τῆς Δίκης ὀφθαλμὸς ὡς διʼ ἡσύχου Λεύσσων προσώπου πάνθʼ ὁμῶς ἀεὶ βλέπει. Καὶ ὅτι μέλλει ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ κρίσις γίνεσθαι καὶ τὰ κακὰ τοὺς πονηροὺς αἰφνιδίως καταλαμβάνειν, καὶ τοῦτο Αἰσχύλος ἐσήμανεν λέγων· Τό τοι κακὸν ποδῶκες ἔρχεται βροτοῖς, Κατʼ ἀμπλάκημα τῷ περῶντι τὴν θέμιν. Ὁρᾷς Δίκην ἄναυδον, οὐχ ὁρωμένην Εὕδοντι καὶ στείχοντι καὶ καθημένῳ· Ἑξῆς ὀπάζει δόχμιον, ἄλλοθʼ ὕστερον. Οὐκ ἐγκαλύπτει νὺξ κακῶς εἰργασμένον· Ὅ τι δʼ ἂν ποιῇς δεινόν, νόμιζʼ ὁρᾶν τινά. Τί δʼ οὐχὶ καὶ ὁ Σιμωνίδης Οὐκ ἔστιν κακὸν Ἀνεπιδόκητον ἀνθρώποις· ὀλίγῳ δὲ χρόνῳ Πάντα μεταῤῥίπτει θεός; Πάλιν Εὐριπίδης· Οὐδέποτʼ εὐτυχίαν κακοῦ ἀνδρὸς ὑπέρφρονά τʼ ὄλβον Βέβαιον εἰκάσαι χρεών, Οὐδʼ ἀδίκων γενεάν· ὁ γὰρ οὐδενὸς ἐκφὺς χρόνος Δείκνυσιν ἀνθρώπων κακότητας. Ἔτι ὁ Εὐριπίδης· Οὐ γὰρ ἀσύνετον τὸ θεῖον, ἀλλʼ ἔχει συνιέναι Τοὺς κακῶς παγέντας ὅρκους καὶ κατηναγκασμένους. Καὶ ὁ Σοφοκλῆς· Εἰ δείνʼ ὄρεξας, δεινὰ καὶ παθεῖν σε δεῖ. Ἤτοι οὖν περὶ ἀδίκου ὅρκου ἢ καὶ περὶ ἄλλου τινὸς πταίσματος ὅτι μέλλει ὁ θεὸς ἐξετάζειν, καὶ αὐτοὶ σχεδὸν προειρήκασιν, ἢ καὶ περὶ ἐκπυρώσεως κόσμου θέλοντες καὶ μὴ θέλοντες ἀκόλουθα ἐξεῖπαν τοῖς προφήταις, καίπερ πολὺ μεταγενέστεροι γενόμενοι καὶ κλέψαντες ταῦτα ἐκ τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν.
English · Claude translation
Some of the poets, too, have already uttered these things, as if speaking oracles against themselves and as a testimony to those who do wrong, saying that they will be punished. Aeschylus said: “For the doer it is due also to suffer.” Pindar too said: “Since for one who does something it is fitting also to suffer.” Likewise Euripides: “Bear your suffering; you rejoiced in doing. It is lawful to do harm to an enemy wherever you catch him.” And again the same poet: “I hold it a man's part to harm his enemies.” Likewise Archilochus: “One great thing I know: to repay with terrible evils the one who does me [any] evil.” And that God sees all things and nothing escapes him, but being patient he holds back until he is about to judge, Dionysius has said this too: “The eye of Justice, looking out as with a calm face, always sees all things alike.” And that the judgment of God will come and evils will suddenly overtake the wicked, Aeschylus also indicated, saying: “Evil comes swift-footed upon mortals, in return for the offense, upon one who transgresses what is right. You see Justice voiceless, unseen by one who sleeps or walks or sits; she follows next, from the side, or at another time later. Night does not hide one who has done evil; whatever terrible thing you do, think that someone sees.” And does not Simonides say: “There is no evil that men may not expect; in a short time God overturns all things”? Again Euripides: “Never should one think the good fortune of an evil man, or his arrogant wealth, secure, nor the race of the unjust; for time, born of no one, shows up the wickedness of men.” And again Euripides: “For the divine is not without understanding, but can discern oaths that were wrongly sworn and forced.” And Sophocles: “If you have done terrible things, you must also suffer terrible things.” So whether about an unjust oath or about any other offense, they themselves have all but foretold that God will examine it; and about the conflagration of the world, willingly or unwillingly, they spoke in agreement with the prophets, although they came much later and stole these things from the law and the prophets.
About this passage
Notes
Translation notes
- The quotations are fragments of Aeschylus, Pindar, Euripides, Archilochus, Simonides, Sophocles, and one Dionysius (perhaps the tragedian Dionysius of Syracuse). The word in square brackets is marked by the editor as doubtful.
- Theophilus quotes the poets' sayings about vengeance on enemies only as witnesses to retribution; he does not endorse them (cf. 3.14 on love of enemies).
Cite this passage
Theophilus, Autol. 2.37 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/37/).
Plain text
Theophilus, Autol. 2.37 (trans. Sophia Scriptura, https://sophiascriptura.com/fathers/theophilus-autolycus/2/37/).
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